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991.
992.
This study provide a straightforward way of examining the rebound effects of switching to more fuel efficient technologies, as well as determining the distribution of the effects in the household sector, including both the residential and transport sectors. A SP-off-RP survey conducted in Japan in 2012 asked people to state their preference for the reallocation behaviors after informing them of their annual operating cost saving resulting from the vehicle efficiency improvement. Coupled who save money from relocation are more likely to spend this either on housing features or transport; supporting the idea of rebound effects, although not only limited to within the transport sector. Regarding the distribution of rebound effects, domestic appliances are more likely to be affected than vehicles. 相似文献
993.
This paper analyzes energy intensities of ships, diesel–fuelled railways, trucks, and aircraft, using publicly available data. The analysis suggests that differences in operation, not technology, explain most of the variation in energy intensity within and across modes. Among the operational characteristics, most important is the amount of cargo weight transported per vehicle and therefore the scale of the respective transportation system. It is found that each mode has a characteristic envelope in an average energy intensity versus average cargo weight diagram, and estimates of the elasticities of energy intensity with respect to load size are made. 相似文献
994.
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5):413-428
For the on-centre handling behaviour of vehicles the steering system is absolutely important. To investigate the interaction of the vehicle and steering system a validated, especially tailored simulation model was developed. Some meaningful vehicle and steering system parameters are altered to show the influence on steering wheel torque, steering feel and understeer. The results underline the importance of an accurate steering system model. Identified measures to improve the centre feel and steering response were a stiffer torsion bar, a higher cornering stiffness or a lower overall steering ratio. The steering response, however, suffers when the centre feel is improved by a higher trail. The steering rack friction reduces mainly the steering response while the steering column friction decreases the centre feel whereas a stiffer torsion bar lessens the understeer tendency. 相似文献
995.
基于MMLS3试验的混合料离析对沥青路面长期高温性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用小型加速加载设备（MMLS3）分别对吉珲高速沥青路面上面层（SMA-16）和中面层（AC-20）进行加速加载试验研究,在分析判断中、上面层沥青混合料沿横断方向的离析程度的基础上,通过室内加速加载20万次试验,研究不同施工空隙率离析及不同重复荷载作用次数对中、上面层长期高温车辙的影响规律。研究结果表明：施工空隙率离析对沥青路面长期高温性能影响显著;上面层和中面层对应重复加载次数下的车辙深度随离析程度的增加而增大,其中对中面层的影响更为显著;累积加载达到10万次后,路面结构材料内部出现了应力疲劳,重度离析试件的车辙发展出现突变,20万次时车辙变化率要高出无离析试件276%。 相似文献
996.
997.
Abstract This paper investigates the effects of mobile phone use while driving on traffic speed and headways, with particular focus on young drivers. For this purpose, a field survey was carried out in real road traffic conditions, in which drivers' speeds and headways were measured while using or not using a mobile phone. The survey took place within a University Campus area, allowing to distinguish between settings approximating to either free flow or interrupted flow conditions. Linear and loglinear regression methods were used to investigate the effects of mobile phone use and several other young driver characteristics, such as gender, driving experience and annual distance travelled, on vehicle speeds and headways. Separate models were developed for average free flow, interrupted flow, as well as for total average speed. Results show that mobile phone use leads to a statistically significant reduction in traffic speeds of young drivers in all types of traffic conditions. Furthermore, male and female drivers reduce their speed similarly when using a mobile phone while driving. However, male drivers using their mobile phone drive at lower speeds than female drivers not using their mobile phones. Sensitivity analysis revealed that, among all explanatory variables, the effect of mobile phone use on speed was most important. Accordingly, vehicle headways appear to increase for drivers using their mobile phone. However, this effect could not be statistically validated, due to the strong correlation between speed and headway. 相似文献
998.
Padma Seetharaman Madhu Errampalli Velmurugan Senathipati Anuradha Shukla Subhamay Gangopadhyay 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(8):823-838
This paper analyzes vehicular speeds at a micro level and studies the relationships between the important elements of speed, namely space mean speed (SMS) and time mean speed (TMS) under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Vehicular speed data were collected at selected road stretches around Delhi, India, in an attempt to understand and model the type of relationships between SMS and TMS under heterogeneous traffic conditions. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed models, comparisons are made with existing traditional models. The results reveal that the proposed models are consistent in predicting speeds with high accuracy. 相似文献
999.
Shwu-Ping Guo 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(2-3):147-165
Abstract This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example. 相似文献
1000.
以过村镇公路交通安全为出发点,借助于出入口管理技术,分别对交叉口功能区上游长度、下游长度进行了研究.在充分调查我国过村镇公路出入口间距的基础上,得到过村镇公路机动车的合理限速值为不应超过40 km/h. 相似文献