小直径钢管排桩边坡加固计算理论研究

通过分析小直径钢管排桩的受力特点,提出了一种考虑桩土相互作用空间效应的平面刚架分析模型。将桩间岩土体以水平弹簧模拟,基于Winkler弹性地基梁理论,推导了钢管排桩的内力位移计算公式。以一滑坡治理现场堆载试验为例,对提出的计算方法与现场测试数据进行分析对比,二者吻合良好,本计算方法的可靠性得到了验证。同时在此基础上,也进行了相关主要影响因子的分析,得出桩顶位移与桩长呈现函数关系。     

斜拉-悬索协作体系桥基于桩-土-结构相互作用的地震响应研究

以大连湾跨海大桥协作体系桥方案为研究对象,基于大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元模型,采用等效嵌固模型模拟了土-桩-结构的相互作用,以此为基础对该方案桥的自振特性进行了分析,重点研究了桩-土-结构相互作用下斜拉-悬索协作体系桥的地震响应,分析结果表明自锚式体系的加劲梁与主塔的纵向位移、塔底、主跨跨中弯矩均大于地锚式体系;但加劲梁竖向位移、主塔塔底轴力则小于地锚式体系。     

竖向荷载作用下预制管桩桩土共同作用的数值分析

以徐州市沛屯地区预制管桩的应用实例为基础,以FLAC3D软件为分析手段,建立了管桩桩土数值模型,通过该数值模型对管桩在竖向荷载作用下桩土共同作用机理,包括荷载传递规律、受力特性和破坏模式进行了分析,为进一步研究管桩承载机理提供了理论基础.     

Alternative approaches to spatial modelling

In discussion of the modelling methods that can be used to assess the impacts of transport change on regional and local economies, “land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) models” are often referred to as if all such models were examples of a single, homogeneous commodity. The first and major purpose of this paper is to correct this impression by comparing and contrasting some key features of the main models or modelling packages in the LUTI tradition, particularly those which are generally recognized as constituting the current “state-of-the-art”, or at least the “state of practice”. One particular point within the comparison will be the differing use which is made (or not made) of spatial input-output models in the different approaches.The second purpose of the paper is (more briefly) to compare LUTI modelling with alternative approaches and in particular with spatial computable general equilibrium (SGCE) modelling. One of the common features to emerge from the preceding comparison is that LUTI modelling has been mainly concerned with predicting the location of fixed totals of jobs and of households under different transport scenarios. This is a general feature, even though in some cases these totals are directly fixed by the user whilst in other cases they are the results of long chains of calculations that are insensitive to transport scenarios; in a few cases, the total levels of economic activity are variable according to accessibility-related variables. In contrast, the use of SCGE modelling in testing the impact of transport proposals is very much concerned with the consequences for the total size of the economy in question, usually with a less detailed concern for the spatial distribution of impacts. This comparison leads to a discussion of whether LUTI modelling and SCGE modelling are mutually exclusive or whether some form of synthesis or integration between the two may be theoretically appropriate and/or practically desirable. The requirements of project appraisal - i.e., the assessment of benefits - are also considered.     

Controlled installation of spudcan foundations on loose sand overlying weak clay

Offshore jack-up rigs are often used for site exploration and oil well drilling. The footings of jack-up rigs are known as spudcan foundations. The risk of rapid uncontrolled penetration of spudcan in seabed (“punch-through”) exposes jack-ups to significant risk during installation in strong over weak layered seabeds. An example for this is a thin loose sand layer overlying a weaker stratum of clay. To prevent spudcans from “punch-through”, an in-situ measurement concept is suggested in this paper to control the installation process of spudcan foundations. First, three-dimensional finite element studies using a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method are carried out to simulate the penetration process. The numerical results have been validated with existing analytical solutions and centrifuge model test data. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influences of the sand thickness and shear strength of the clay on the bearing capacity of spudcans. Based on the numerical studies an idea for the development of an in-situ measurement concept is suggested to control the spudcan penetration process in-situ.     

岸坡与斜坡道桩基相互作用及桩基减载措施

近年来三峡库区中由于回填形成码头岸坡造成桩基出现较大偏位的工程案例已经出现多起。结合三峡库区某码头工程实例,通过有限元计算分析岸坡与斜坡道桩基的相互作用,讨论了岸坡土体变形对桩基的影响以及桩基对岸坡稳定性的提高。对比分析了不同桩顶约束条件下的桩基受力特性,结果表明连续轨道梁与桩基形成整体框架后,桩基受力情况会有很大程度的改善并且桩身位移明显减小。针对工程实例,提出了两种岸坡桩基减载方案,并通过有限元计算分析验证了方案的有效性和合理性。     

基于矢量图件的数图交互技术在海上应急搜救中的应用研究

介绍我国海上应急搜救工作中电子海图的应用现状,并通过分析典型的电子海图应用系统,对基于矢量图件的数图交互技术进行应用研究.讨论电子海图的三维可视化技术,重新探索在三维模式下港口、泊住及航标等通航要素的显示应用.     

舰船水下爆炸局部气穴效应理论模型研究

在舰船遭受水下爆炸的过程中,船体水下部分的外板与水中冲击波的相互作用将产生局部气穴效应。这种效应有可能导致舰船结构和设备上的二次加载现象,造成更严重的破坏。针对水下爆炸局部气穴效应中的非线性流固耦合现象,建立简化一维冲击波—浮体—局部气穴理论模型,分析了水中冲击波与浮体之间相互作用产生局部气穴的机理,推导局部气穴产生、发展和闭合过程时间和位置的公式,为进一步研究局部气穴现象对水下爆炸冲击环境下的舰船及其设备冲击响应的影响提供了理论依据。     

双排抗滑桩桩土作用分析模型及其应用

考虑坡体滑移的最不利工况,以滑动面为分界面,分析了双排桩与坡体作用的作用机理与关系表达式;引入p-y曲线法模拟桩间土与双排桩接触非线性特征,并结合经典土压力理论与相关应力路径三轴试验对其参数进行了求解,由此建立了双排抗滑桩与桩周土体非线性相互作用模型。在此基础上,导出双排桩不同特征桩段微分方程,利用横系梁传力协调作用及边界条件,提出了双排桩桩身内力和位移的有限差分迭代算法。试验对比分析表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好,该方法可用于双排抗滑桩的内力分析计算。     

Simulations of roughness growth on rails - results from a 2D non-Hertzian, non-steady contact model

A new model for simulating rail roughness growth on tangent track is presented in this paper. The model consists of three relatively independent components: (1) a time-domain vehicle/track interaction model; (2) a 2D non-Hertzian and non-steady wheel/rail contact model; and (3) a wear model. Wheel/rail contact forces for a given initial roughness obtained from the vehicle/track interaction model are used by the contact model to calculate the contact patch size, normal pressure and tangential stresses with material removal assumed to be linearly proportional to the friction work in the contact patch. The roughness profile is updated and fed back into vehicle/track interaction model. The 2D contact model is initially compared with a 3D model for various wavelength of initial sinusoidal roughness. Long term roughness growth is then simulated with the 2D contact model. Simulation shows that all initial sinusoidal roughness of wavelengths between 20-100 mm are levelled out. The wavelength-fixing mechanism, that has previously been used to explain the cause of corrugation, is not found in the present investigations.