考虑流固耦合的任意支撑和分支角度三通管阻抗计算方法

计算分析任意支撑和分支角度三通管轴向和横向声阻抗和机械阻抗,为管路系统噪声预报和声学优化提供支撑.首先建立直管段14方程流固耦合模型,利用拉氏变换并对方程进行推导,得到直管段14个参量频域解析解.然后结合分支点的平衡条件和边界条件,得到任意支撑和分支角度三通管的最终解,在此基础上,利用阻抗计算公式结合不同的参数解,求得三通管1个声阻抗和6个机械阻抗值.最后,通过试验验证计算方法正确性,同时对不同支撑和分支角度的三通管阻抗特性进行计算和分析.     

车板耦合作用对水泥砼路面疲劳开裂的影响研究

水泥砼路面开裂和破坏的影响因素较多 ,情况也比较复杂 .笔者首先分析路面板在运动荷载作用下的动力响应 ,建立粘弹性地基上板的动力模型 ,然后从理论上探讨路面不平整引起的车板耦合作用对路面板的挠度、应变及其路面疲劳开裂的影响 ,从而为水泥砼路面的抗裂研究提供依据     

贝尔隧道与滑坡相互作用机理及加固方案

根据贝尔隧道实际工程概况,基于隧道与滑坡的相互作用机理研究,分析贝尔隧道与西尔瓜子滑坡的位置关系及水库、隧道和滑坡三者之间的联系,得出贝尔隧道与水库滑坡的相互作用机理及产生的原因。将隧道简化为合理的结构力学模型,并针对贝尔隧道提出合理的加固方案,对滑坡隧道进行理论分析,再结合数值模拟得到的结果,进一步分析了贝尔隧道与滑坡两者之间的关系及加固效果。     

大轴重重载铁路简支梁桥梁轨相互作用研究

为探明大轴重重载铁路简支梁桥上无缝线路钢轨纵向应力和墩顶水平力的分布规律,以我国在建的30t轴重重载铁路双线32m简支T梁为例进行梁轨相互作用分析。采用ANSYS建立多跨重载简支梁桥-无缝线路一体化分析模型(桥梁与轨道的非线性连接采用非线性杆单元模拟),研究温度和活载作用下钢轨纵向应力与墩顶水平力的分布特点,分析简支梁跨数对纵向力分布的影响。在此基础上,探讨检算钢轨应力时,挠曲力与制动力组合方式的合理性。分析表明:重载铁路简支梁桥上无缝线路钢轨所受纵向应力普遍比客货共线铁路大9.8%~31%;简支梁跨数增加至8跨时,钢轨和墩顶的受力逐渐趋近于稳定;在检算墩顶水平力时,采用挠曲力、制动力耦合的方式进行计算较为安全。     

磁流体推进稳定性的解析研究（英文）

In this paper an analytical solution for the stability of the fully developed flow drive in a magneto-hydro-dynamic pump with pulsating transverse Eletro-magnetic fields is presented. To do this, a theoretical model of the flow is developed and the analytical results are obtained for both the cylindrical and Cartesian configurations that are proper to use in the propulsion of marine vessels. The governing parabolic momentum PDEs are transformed into an ordinary differential equation using approximate velocity distribution. The numerical results are obtained and asymptotic analyses are built to discover the mathematical behavior of the solutions. The maximum velocity in a magneto-hydro-dynamic pump versus time for various values of the Stuart number, electro-magnetic interaction number, Reynolds number, aspect ratio, as well as the magnetic and electrical angular frequency and the shift of the phase angle is presented. Results show that for a high Stuart number there is a frequency limit for stability of the fluid flow in a certain direction of the flow. This stability frequency is dependent on the geometric parameters of a channel.     

Detailed analysis of distraction induced by in-vehicle verbal interactions on visual search performance

We examined the negative effect of in-vehicle verbal interaction on visual search performance. Twenty participants performed a primary visual search task and a secondary verbal interaction task concurrently. We found that visual search performance deteriorated when the secondary task involving memory retrieval and speech production was performed concurrently. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the reaction time as a function of set size revealed that the increased reaction time was attributed not to the slowing of inspecting each item but to the increased processing time other than the inspection of each visual item, possibly due to task switching between the primary visual search task and the secondary verbal task. These findings have implications for providing information from in-vehicle information devices while reducing the risk of driver distraction.     

海流--管道--海床之间动力相互作用的量纲分析及实验模拟装置研制

海底管道涡激振动和管道周围海床冲刷是海流--管道--海床之间复杂的动力耦合问题.文章应用量纲分析方法对海流、管道与海床之间的动力耦合作用进行了分析,确定了在实验模拟中应遵循的相似准则.在此基础上,研制了一套能模拟海流、海床与海底管道之间相互作用的实验模拟装置.初步实验结果表明文中研制的实验模拟装置能够模拟典型海洋环境下海底管道的涡激振动和管道周围海床冲刷等问题.     

The effect of railway local irregularities on ground vibration

The environmental effects of ground-borne vibrations generated due to localised railway defects is a growing concern in urban areas. Frequency domain modelling approaches are well suited for predicting vibration levels on standard railway lines due to track periodicity. However, when considering individual, non-periodic, localised defects (e.g. a rail joint), frequency domain modelling becomes challenging. Therefore in this study, a previously validated, time domain, three-dimensional ground vibration prediction model is modified to analyse such defects. A range of different local (discontinuous) rail and wheel irregularity are mathematically modelled, including: rail joints, switches, crossings and wheel flats. Each is investigated using a sensitivity analysis, where defect size and vehicle speed is varied. To quantify the effect on railroad ground-borne vibration levels, a variety of exposure–response relationships are analysed, including: peak particle velocity, maximum weighted time-averaged velocity and weighted decibel velocity. It is shown that local irregularities cause a significant increase in vibration in comparison to a smooth track, and that the vibrations can propagate to greater distances from the line. Furthermore, the results show that step-down joints generate the highest levels of vibration, whereas wheel flats generate much lower levels. It is also found that defect size influences vibration levels, and larger defects cause greater vibration. Lastly, it is shown that for different defect types, train speed effects are complex, and may cause either an increase or decrease in vibration levels.     

Calibrating trust through knowledge: Introducing the concept of informed safety for automation in vehicles

There has been an increasing focus on the development of automation in vehicles due its many potential benefits like safety, improved traffic efficiency, reduced emissions etc. One of the key factors influencing public acceptance of automated vehicle technologies is their level of trust. Development of trust is a dynamic process and needs to be calibrated to the correct levels for safe deployment to ensure appropriate use of such systems. One of the factors influencing trust is the knowledge provided to the driver about the system’s true capabilities and limitations. After a 56 participants driving simulator study, the authors found that with the introduction of knowledge about the true capabilities and limitations of the automated system, trust in the automated system increased as compared to when no knowledge was provided about the system. Participants experienced two different types of automated systems: low capability automated system and high capability automated system. Interestingly, with the introduction of knowledge, the average trust levels for both low and high capability automated systems were similar. Based on the experimental results, the authors introduce the concept of informed safety, i.e., informing the drivers about the safety limits of the automated system to enable them to calibrate their trust in the system to an appropriate level.     

帆船整体空气动力性能的数值模拟

  目的  柔性风帆在风载荷下易发生非线性大变形,风帆形状会影响风帆周围的气流特性,为此研究柔性风帆变形对空气动力学性能的影响。  方法  开展柔性风帆变形的流固耦合研究。建立柔性风帆的初始形状模型和材料模型,采用显式有限元分析程序AUTODYN解决柔性风帆非线性大变形问题,构建变形后的风帆形状。利用STAR-CCM+软件预测初始风帆和变形风帆性能。  结果  结果表明,相对风向角为20°的逆风条件下,变形风帆的迎风面整体压力值增大,背风面后缘附近产生的流动分离更严重,拱度增大带来的升力增大效应相对较小,因此升力整体减小。  结论  柔性风帆变形的流固耦合研究适用于精确评估或者优化风帆性能。