含损伤加筋结构的振动与声辐射特性研究

采用有限元／边界元方法针对加筋结构，研究了损伤对振动与声辐射特性的变异特性。将损伤模型引入结构有限元分析中，针对各向同性损伤单元模型中，采取刚度各向整体弱化的方法分析；对于各向异性损伤单元模型中，采用Kachanov理论，分别引入了x和y两个方向的弹性损伤折减系数。基于Mindlin板理论，建立描述健康和损伤的4结点有限壳单元模型，采用有限元方法计算结构振动特性与表面动力响应。基于4结点二维线性边界元模型，根据Rayleigh积分可以计算结构振动向外辐射的声压，进而可以得到辐射声功率和辐射指向性。为了研究损伤结构处于空气或水中不同损伤位置和大小对结构振动及声特性的影响，文章建立了含损伤结构的动力与声辐射分析方法，就各种损伤对结构振动频率、振动模态与声辐射模态、辐射阻尼、辐射功率与指向性的影响进行了数值模拟。通过对典型算例分析，得出了相应的结论，在评价损伤对船舶与海洋结构物常用的加筋结构声辐射特性影响方面做出了一定的探索。     

Evaluating transfer velocity-wind speed relationship using a long-term series of direct eddy correlation CO2 flux measurements

Long-term observations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer were performed by an eddy correlation system, which was set-up on a platform in the Baltic Sea. In this experiment the three-dimensional wind vector and the turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO₂ were measured for one and a half years. Simultaneously the CO₂ partial pressure p_CO2 in surface water was measured by a submersible autonomous moored instrument for CO₂ at the platform in 7-m depth. The high-resolution eddy correlation measurements of the atmospheric CO₂ flux F_CO2, together with the measurements of the CO₂ partial pressure differences between air and sea Δp_CO2 led to a long-term data set which provided the possibility to investigate the parameterization of the CO₂ transfer velocity k as a function of 10-m wind speed u in a statistical manner. From half-hour mean CO₂ fluxes and CO₂ partial pressure differences, k was calculated using k = F_CO2 / (K₀Δp_CO2), with K₀ the CO₂ solubility. The half-hour mean data points, used for the determination of the k–u parameterization, show large scatter. However, assuming a linear, quadratic dependency the analysis yields: k₆₆₀ = 0.365u² + 0.46u (k at 20 °C and salinity 35 psu) with a correlation coefficient of r² = 0.81. The large scatter indicates that the kinetics of the air–sea CO₂ transfer velocity is not only a function of the wind speed alone, but might also be controlled by other environmental parameters and mechanisms, such as sea state and surface coverage with surfactants.     

From robotics to automotive: Lane-keeping and collision avoidance based on elastic bands

In the near future, drivers will more and more share vehicle guidance with assistance systems. This contribution provides a potential field-based approach to the underlying motion planning problem. In doing so, the concept of elastic bands, known from robotics, is extended to automotive applications. Contrary to robotic applications, extrapolation routines anticipating the motion of the surrounding traffic are incorporated in the motion planning. New in this paper is the distinction of different types of obstacles such as traffic staying in its lane and traffic intending to depart from it. Beyond that, the motion planning adapts to the driver's commands. The driver can be included in the overall control loop by means of a haptic interface generating a torque that depends on the difference of the actual steering angle and the steering angle necessary to follow the planned trajectory. However, this contribution focuses only on the underlying motion planning procedure.     

Interactions of wind and density driven currents in North Sea ROFIs—a model study

Three different versions of a baroclinic three-dimensional circulation model of the North Sea are used to obtain information on the wind and density interactions in the North Sea ROFIs (Regions Of Freshwater Influence): the standard version with fully prognostic treatment of salinity and temperature is compared to a barotropic model run on the same grid on the one hand and to an also fully prognostic model run on a four times coarser grid on the other hand. In order to gain knowledge on the wind and density interactions, two opposing wind directions are chosen for investigation, namely a time of strong north wind, 21st–28th April 1982, and a time of strong southwest wind, 22nd–24th May 1982. In the April case the effect of the salinity gradients on the border of the ROFIs of Rhine, Weser, Ems and Elbe, i.e. along the continental shore, is shown to lead to a clear enhancement of the mean surface currents. In May this result is partly disguised by the additional effect of the thermocline in the deeper parts of the North Sea, i.e. in the classical shelf sea regime region. Nevertheless, the same pattern of enhanced mean surface currents along the coast is detected and is of the same order of magnitude as in the April case. It is thus concluded that although the circulation in the North Sea is reversed by the wind, the density induced component of the general circulation is modified only slightly.     

基于Script交互控制的船用核动力装置虚拟维修研究

分析虚拟现实技术在核动力装置维修中的应用特点,介绍在EON仿真平台上通过Script实现人机交互控制的方法,研制开发了具有交互控制能力的核动力装置虚拟维修训练系统。     

Modelling of wear and fatigue defect formation in wheel–rail contact

The model for analysing wear and fatigue defect formation is developed based on the approaches of contact and fracture mechanics. The model includes the solution of the contact problem for the wheel and rail to find the shape, size and position of the contact zones and the contact stresses and calculation of the surface wear and the function of damage accumulation in the rail and wheel. The wear rate and the worn-profile evolution of the wheel surface are calculated using both statistic and deterministic approaches to modelling of vehicle dynamics (tribo-dynamic modelling). The influence of the evolution of the wheel–rail profiles due to wear on the damage accumulation process is analysed. It is shown that for some values of the wear rate coefficient, the wear process can prevent the crack initiation under the wheel surface.     

A 9-DOF Tractor-Semitrailer Dynamic Handling Model for Advanced Chassis Control Studies

Summary This paper describes a flexible and modular 9-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic handling model for a tractor-semitrailer combination vehicle. The equations of motion are derived from the fundamental equations of dynamics in Euler’s formulation, with the use of general computer-algebra software. The primary aim of the model is simulation of handling scenarios with active yaw control, using unilateral braking. However, it may also prove useful in other areas of tractor-semitrailer handling analysis or hardware-in-the-loop simulations. The model is formulated as a state-space model that may be implemented in standard simulation environments. A Simulink implementation is presented, and simulation results are compared with experiments to validate the model.     

地铁施工近邻桥基加固效果三维数值分析

结合北京地铁10号线国贸站西北风道施工对邻近桥基影响的工程问题,针对拟定的不同桥基加固方案, 在对施工过程进行三维动态数值模拟的同时,重点分析了施工过程中桥基的变形和受力性态以及桩土相互作用机理,并将部分计算结果与量测结果进行了比较。研究表明,桩基托换能够有效地减少施工期间桥基的沉降, 桥基沉降能够满足其控制标准要求;通过支撑减载以及在短桩底部进行局部注浆加固不能明显减少施工造成的桥基沉降。其研究成果能够为该工程与类似工程施工提供指导和参考作用。     

多通道战场态势交互系统研究

现代战争中战场态势系统对指挥员掌握战场情况、指挥作战行动具有重要的作用。而战场态势交互技术是指挥员实现战场指挥控制的核心技术,多通道交互则是实现自然、高效的人机交互的关键技术。针对多通道整合问题,分析了多通道交互任务的特点,提出了一种基于多通道交互技术的战场态势交互系统构架。最后,在对系统结构具体分析的基础上,给出了多通道交互技术设计的关键技术。