Guidance for new policy developments on railway noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are two of the main problems associated with railways in residential areas. To ensure quality of life and well-being of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railway paths, it is important to evaluate, understand, control and regulate railway noise and vibration. Much attention has been focused on the impact of noise from railway traffic but the consideration of railway-induced vibration has often been neglected. This paper aims to provide policy guidance based on results obtained from the analyses of relationships estimated from ordinal logit models between human response, railway noise exposure and railway vibration exposure. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N = 931), internal vibration measurements (N = 755), and noise calculations (N = 688) collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford, UK. Firstly, the implications of neglecting vibration in railway noise policies are investigated. The findings suggest that it is important to account for railway induced vibrations in future noise and transport policies, as neglecting vibrations results in an underestimation of people highly annoyed by noise. Secondly, implications of neglecting different types of railway sources are presented. It was found that the impact of noise and vibration form maintenance operations should be better understood and should be taken into account when assessing the environmental impact of railways in residential environments. Finally, factors that were found to influence railway vibration annoyance are presented and expressed as weightings. The data shows that factors specific to a particular residential area should also be taken into account in future vibration policies as the literature shows that attitudinal, socio-demographic and situational factors have a large influence on vibration annoyance responses. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to policy makers, planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways.     

柴油机周期双层隔振系统振动特性

舰船对动力设备的隔振性能要求越来越高,基于柴油机双层隔振系统,利用周期结构对弹性波的带隙特性,将双层隔振系统的筏体设计成周期结构。在ANSYS中对双层隔振系统进行谐响应计算,通过对比分析,斜方柱周期筏体在200-1000Hz内具有更好的隔振效果,在410.5 Hz、807 Hz处出现带宽分别为15Hz、29.5Hz带隙。采用缩减周期数的斜方柱周期筏体建立双层隔振实验系统,验证了斜方柱周期结构的带隙特性。     

汽轮发电机组半频振动的原因分析和处理

为解决汽轮发电机组出现的半频振动问题,针对汽轮机轴承开展不同轴承结构参数及形式的理论计算和试验验证,发现轴承并不是引发半频振动的直接因素。通过进一步开展试验,发现引发机组半频振动的主要原因是主油泵前后的浮动油封浮动不畅对汽轮机转子产生了附加力。经过综合分析可知,通过增加油封环室刚性和减少浮动油封摩擦力,能消除半频振动现象,保证机组的可靠运行。     

柱壳隔振系统动力学特性的研究

对柱壳隔振系统动力学特性进行的研究，以往常建立在刚体模型的基础上，这是导致振动预报与实测间存在较大误差的主要原因。从基于有限元分析的弹性体模型出发，本文对涉及柱壳隔振系统动力学特性的结构与材料方案进行了模拟激励下的响应分析与灵敏度分析，讨论了其中的各种影响因素。通过实物模型试验，验证了已建立的动力学模型，探讨了有关柱壳隔振系统设计的中的一些重要方面。     

全封闭型护卫舰空调通风系统及其隔振降噪设计

论述了全封闭型舰艇空调通风系统通常的主要特点及适宜采用的相应设计，概述了空调通风系统减振噪的研究设计和综合治理，并以某舰为例列述了各项设计的实船效果。     

弹性部件的等效模型对铁道货车车体振动的影响

运用多体系统分析方法,建立轮轨系统的准弹性接触模型,对摆动式转向架货车的动力学性能进行仿真,运用有限元方法和Hook定律将弹簧托板等效为弹簧、刚体加弹簧以及柔性体,并在动力学彷真中评估这3种情况对货车车体振动响应的影响,找出系统动力学分析中合理等效薄壁部件的方法。通过结果分析,在车辆低速运行阶段,为加快分析速度可将弹簧拖板等效为1个弹簧元件,而在高速运行阶段,需要将弹簧拖板等效为柔性体,以考虑弹簧拖板自身振动对车辆整体性能的影响,使车辆设计趋于合理。     

振动磨机橡胶衬套的磨损失效分析与研究

简要介绍了振动磨机的特性、用途和工作原理，阐述了振动磨机系统中橡胶衬套的磨损失效理论。结合实例详细论述了橡胶衬套的设计方法。     

专用轮胎平衡机的研制及平衡检测技术

专用轮胎平衡机是针对客车和货车而研制的用于校正轮胎不平衡量的一种检测装置。从软、硬件两个方面论述了大型轮胎专用平衡机的结构原理及其测试技术。介绍了该平衡机在企业中的应用情况。     

桥梁振动主动控制

研究了桥梁振动主动控制方法。详细说明了主动控制方法的应用,推导并分析了梁式结构振动控制的基本原理和方法。结果显示本方法在实际中可以减小桥梁的响应。     

某型船用大功率柴油发电机组轴系扭振分析及惯量盘设计

基于轴系扭振计算分析,对某型船用大功率柴油发电机组轴系加装惯量盘,使其扭转振动固有频率低谐次避开工作转速区,消减机组运行安全隐患,并借助三维造型和有限元分析优化惯量盘结构设计。