高速铁路空沟减隔振措施数值分析与模型试验

空沟减隔振措施由于隔振效果明显、施工方便而在高速铁路减隔振工程中得到广泛应用。通过有限元软件ABAQUS对距离振源一定远固定位置处的振动情况进行数值分析,并通过缩尺模型试验分析相似工况下空沟减隔振措施的减隔振效果以及影响其减隔振效果的因素。对比分析结果表明:设置空沟可有效地阻隔振动波在土体中的传播,使土体的振动加速度明显减弱;空沟深度对距离振源一定远固定位置处的减隔振效果影响显著,设置空沟减隔振措施可使该区域的振动加速度衰减20%~60%;空沟宽度对距离振源一定远固定位置处的减隔振效果影响不明显,宽度的增加不能很好地降低该区域的振动加速度。     

城市轨道车辆噪声控制的研究

本文在城市轨道车辆噪声、振动测量及数据分析的基础上,针对其噪声源和噪声传递途径,分析研究了各种减噪措施,为轻轨车辆设计和有轨电车改造提供了依据。     

面向对象技术在标准件振动实验台管理软件中的应用

用Pascal语言和面向对象的程序设计方法,提出液压振动试验台管理系统软件的设计思想及其实现方法。     

Evaluating bus transit performance of Chinese cities: Developing an overall bus comfort model

In order to improve the level of bus service, a field study was undertaken to develop a combined bus comfort model. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the different ways to predict the bus comfort, in addition to the variable experimental techniques used. It was found some environment parameters like noise, vibration, thermal comfort and the acceleration would affect the passengers’ experience. In this model, both the measurement of objective physical parameters and subjective questionnaire survey were conducted to gather the practical environment date, as well as to distribute questionnaires on board city buses during the same trips. By comparing the subjective views of bus passengers to objective physical parameters, a combined bus comfort model was established. This model helps to calculate the concrete value of passengers’ perceived bus comfort. An effective approach integrated the comfort model, measuring instrument and the driver monitor could greatly improve the bus service quality.     

城市轨道交通运营引起建筑物内振动超标治理研究

通过对隧道内、地面和建筑物内的振动测试,研究轨道结构形式、受振建筑与地铁线路距离、地层振动特性以及车辆状态对青岛嘉园居民区建筑物环境振动的影响。结果表明:造成青岛嘉园振动超标的原因是地铁列车运行引起的近场建筑物受迫振动,下行线梯形轨枕轨道起到了较好的减振作用,其引起的环境振动在标准限值内;上行线DTⅥ2扣件引起环境振动较下行线约大6 d B,且超过标准限值。在分析振动超标原因的基础上,提出了限速运行、扣件改造、分级提速的治理措施,最终将青岛嘉园建筑物环境振动控制在"特殊住宅区"65 d B的振动限值之内,解决了北京地铁大兴线青岛嘉园振动扰民问题。     

基于MATLAB的振动信号消除趋势项处理方法

在汽车整车振动试验时,采集前端受车载电源、温度及噪声等外部环境的干扰数值易偏离真实数值,给后续信号处理带来了误差甚至错误,因此振动信号的预处理在信号分析过程中非常重要。文章介绍了对汽车振动原始信号进行消除趋势项处理的主要方法,并在MATLAB编程平台上进行算法编程实现,给出了主要的程序代码。结果表明,振动信号在消除趋势项后得到了较好的改善。     

HEV发动机启停振动与噪声分析与控制

为降低混合动力汽车（HEV）发动机频繁启停引起的噪声与振动,提高乘坐舒适性,文章介绍了HEV的结构、驱动模式的特点以及发动机启停过程的噪声振动特点,分析了HEV的发动机启停过程产生的噪声与振动的根本原因,并提出了在此过程中噪声和振动源的控制措施,使HEV的发动机启停过程的噪声与振动得到降低,总结了HEV发动机启停的噪声与振动特性研究的发展趋势。     

油气悬架整车的振动状态观测器设计

针对油气悬架阻尼实时控制中的车身振动状态测量问题,建立了油气悬架整车7自由度振动模型的状态方程,并基于该状态方程设计了油气悬架整车振动状态观测器。该状态观测器以油气悬架油缸压力为输入,以悬架动行程误差作为反馈,通过设计观测器的反馈增益,使得观测器状态能够跟踪被观测车辆的真实状态。状态观测值与试验测试值的对比表明,所设计的状态观测器能够有效观测出油气悬架车辆的振动状态。     

The influence of frame compliance and rider mobility on the scooter stability

This article investigates the effect of frame compliance and rider mobility on the scooter stability. Particular attention is given to the wobble mode, because it may easily become unstable in the vehicle speed range. This article includes a synthetic discussion of previous works, presents a new mathematical model, and discusses the results of both numerical and experimental analyses of the vehicle stability by varying the vehicle characteristics and motion conditions.

The mathematical model describes the out-of-plane dynamics of the scooter and consists of a twelve-degree-freedom linear model. It describes the main scooter features and, in particular, includes the frame compliance, rider mobility, and an advanced tire model. The torsion and bending compliance of both the front fork and swingarm are modelled using lumped rotational springs; similarly, the rider mobility is described by means of two soft springs which connect the rider body to the chassis. The tire model describes in detail the carcass geometry and its compliance. The full scooter model is available on the website www.dinamoto.it and has been derived using ‘MBSymba’, which is a package for the symbolic modelling of multibody systems.

The scooter stability has been investigated at both low and high speeds; in particular, the effect of vehicle compliance and rider mobility on the weave and wobble modes have been examined. Numerical simulations show that the bending flexibility of the front fork stabilizes wobble mode at high speed and has a contrary effect at low speed, whereas the torsion flexibility of the fork does not appear to have a remarkable influence; the bending flexibility of the swingarm slightly stabilizes the weave mode at very high speeds whereas the torsion flexibility of the swingarm has a contrary effect. The effect of rider mobility is to stabilize the weave mode at high speed and the wobble mode at low speed. Several experimental tests have been carried out in the same speed range and a good correlation between simulations and tests has been found. The variation of some important vehicle parameters has been investigated; in particular, tests were repeated for different values of the rear-frame inertia, the rear-chassis stiffness, the front-tire characteristics, the normal trail, and the steer inertia.     

探讨商用车驾驶室减振降噪技术

随着我国各领域经济的不断发展,商用车的数量每年都在持续的增加。而对商用车驾驶员进行调查后发现,驾驶室内的噪声污染对其驾驶舒适度以及对路况以及车辆行驶的判断能力都有一定的影响。文章就商用车驾驶室噪声的产生原因进行简单的分析,并提出一些减震降噪技术的应用,为商用车的应用提供一点建议。