中国城市职住均衡实证分析与关键对策

居住与就业岗位、居住区生活设施配套以及公共设施的空间配置决定了城市居民出行总量和出行距离,即职住均衡是缓解城市交通拥堵的源头管理措施。首先提出职住混合度、职住均衡度两个评价指标及其计算方法,并对辽阳市和齐齐哈尔市两个案例城市进行量化分析;结果表明,城市职住分布对居民出行距离有显著影响,相似的城市规模下,职住均衡良好的城市居民平均出行距离较短。在此基础上,分析职住均衡的主要影响因素及其影响规律,并阐述了生态城市单元与职住均衡的关系。最后,提出促进职住均衡面临的主要问题和关键对策。     

天津市综合交通模型框架及关键技术探索

基于天津市2011年综合交通调查数据,天津市在现有交通模型基础上构建了新的综合交通模型,以满足新形势下城市与交通发展对交通定量分析的需要。新的综合交通模型仍然采用基于出行的四阶段交通模型,但通过对人口、就业岗位模型,出行产生模型,出行分布模型,方式划分模型,分配模型等模块中关键技术的探索,不仅使模型能够有效反映当前天津市“双城”结构下的居民出行特征,其框架具有较高的灵活性和良好的扩展性,同时还为下一步建立基于活动的模型奠定基础。实践表明,新的综合交通模型大幅提高了现有交通模型的精度和分析能力。     

北京市老年人出行调查与分析

在当今人口老龄化背景下,为了解老年人的生活及出行状况、提高老年人的生活质量,对北京市60岁以上部分老年人进行出行调查。调查包括一日出行情况、个人家庭基本属性、主要日常活动、出行意愿四项内容。通过调查分析得出北京市老年人的总体出行特征和不同属性的老年人出行特征,老年人主要日常活动的活动频率、空间分布、时间分布特征及主要出行方式,日常出行所面临的困难及改进老年人出行环境应关注的事项。     

有轨电车系统规划设计研究

当前中国有轨电车系统的规划与设计缺少相应的技术规范和标准,规划设计的方法和内容主要参照地铁、轻轨系统开展,而有轨电车系统特征、功能特性及相关技术标准与地铁、轻轨系统存在较大差异。首先明确有轨电车系统的内涵,由此提出其规划设计的基本思路。在此基础上探讨有轨电车系统的功能定位及适用性,并针对不同功能提出相应的网络布局要点;详细阐述有轨电车系统的线路、车站和沿线道路设施的规划设计要点。     

Exploring the Knowledge Dynamics Associated with Coastal Adaptation Planning

Scientific projections for climate change induced sea-level-rise highlight current and potential future consequences for low lying coastal areas. In response considerable attention has been directed toward the task of coastal adaptation planning. Experience to date indicates that adaptation planning is more complex and contested than anticipated. We argue that this is partly due to the constrained way adaptation planning is conceptualized, whereby limited attention is directed toward understanding coastal adaptation planning as a site of complex and contested knowledge dynamics. Consequently, we use a knowledge systems perspective to explore coastal adaptation planning in order to highlight some of the knowledge exchange dynamics involved. In doing so we draw on views expressed in semi-structured interviews with a diverse range of stakeholders with an interest in coastal management in Victoria, Australia. While the focus is on coastal adaptation planning in Victoria, the insights generated are intended to contribute to broadening the way in which adaptation is conceptualized.     

Marine and coastal protected areas in Latin America: A preliminary assessment

Abstract

One approach to the management of coastal and marine areas is the establishment of protected areas (e.g., reserves, parks, sanctuaries). Under the general rubric of “marine reserves,”; this paper examines the Latin American experience with this strategy. A comprehensive table lists most, if not all, national or state declared parks or reserves. The table is organized by country. All Latin American nations have, to a varying extent, declared marine parks and protected areas. The authors review the sources or uses which have been “managed”; by marine reserves, the management approaches, uses, and problem which have been identified in achieving management objectives. The authors conclude with observations about the potential future utility of marine reserves as a management approach for areas and resources of the coastal and littoral zones of Latin America.     

Land use implications of sea level rise: A case study at myrtle beach,South Carolina

Abstract

the prospect of global warming and consequent sea level rise will have important implications for coastal communities. this article examines the land use implications of alternate sea level rise scenarios on the city of myrtle beach, south carolina. current trends as well as high and low sea level rise scenarios are superimposed on the city's beach profile and near shore contours to estimate the type and value of land development likely to be impacted.

It is found that losses associated with accelerated sea level rise would be particularly high in the city's hotel district and that overall property loss could range from 21 to 60% of the city's total property value. to lessen these potential losses, coastal communities such as myrtle beach must choose among one of three policy options including: (1) barricade the beach, (2) raise the land, and (3) implement a strategic retreat. specific alternatives within each of these options are explored in turn. the article concludes that successful development plans will incorporate ground rules sensitive to and consistent with dynamic coastal processes.     

西安地铁永南区间隧道地表降水法设计与施工

文章针对西安地铁二号线永宁门一南稍门区间隧道的工程概况、工程地质及水文地质条件,重点介绍了隧道基坑降水的设计方案和设计参数,以及根据区间地理位置、周边环境、水文地质变化情况进行的降水井配置和施工方案,并对其采取的动态管理进行了分析.得出的结论是:调整拱底标高、调节降水井深度可有效控制地下水;采用合适的机械、降水井结构及排水设施可减小对环境、地面交通的影响;进行动态管理,可有效控制降、排水效率.     

Bridging the Gap in Planning Indoor Pedestrian Facilities

Abstract

Pedestrians are currently attracting the interest of various researchers and practitioners, particularly urban and transport planners. Analysis of the pedestrian behavior, environment and modeling has been carried out in diverse instances in the context of pedestrian planning. This paper seeks to identify the content of each of these three research areas and designate the linkages that connect their interests providing insights into planning indoor pedestrian facilities. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on pedestrians walking indoors and indoor pedestrian environments was conducted. Understanding pedestrian behavior is fundamental in the pedestrian planning process. Principles of decision-making, cognition, wayfinding and flows were studied. When analyzing the pedestrian environment, Space Syntax and wayfinding analysis were found to be established methods that are an integral part of this field. Finally, the majority of the existing modeling approaches were identified. It was found that despite the dynamic evolution of each area, the integration of different research perspectives is weak. The paper concluded with the proposal of a mindmap which brings together all the concepts found in the literature and which should be explored for a more comprehensive planning of indoor pedestrian facilities.     

Statistical mechanics for analytic planning: an application to domestic air traffic in China

Abstract

Statistical mechanics has shown its usefulness when assessing the topology of many networks, including those of infrastructure. Its principles take into account the large-scale and network-wide effects of changes in its key parameters, which in turn may provide critical input when planning for infrastructure projects. One objective would be to modify the pattern of capacity expansions inside a system to make it less exposed to local shortfalls in demand. To illustrate our point, we shall use domestic air traffic in China; airports are spatially distributed and they also need to respond to the potential demand that they face locally. Airlines that control parts of the traffic system are identified as agents. A relationship between the agent's behavior and the system-wide level of variance in traffic flows can be established by regression analysis. It is shown how intervention on these agents would reduce negative traffic variance while enhancing a more balanced, less costly growth of the system itself.