浅谈船舶液位遥测系统的维修

船舶液位遥测系统是船舶的核心系统之一,但其测量精度会随着船龄增加而逐步下降、并出现故障,影响船员对液位的监测,从而在一定程度上影响船舶航行的安全和稳定。该文结合某综合补给船的液位测量改造性维修工程,对船舶液位遥测系统的维修流程、故障分析、维修方案确定等方面作了介绍与分析,对于今后船舶修理工程在船舶修理级别、修理方案分析与论证等方面有一定的借鉴。     

埋入式F-P光纤温度传感器在混凝土结构水化热测试中的应用研究

光纤传感器的研究应用代表着土木结构健康监测技术的发展趋势。本文对基于白光干涉的埋入式F-P光纤温度传感器的测试理论及主要结构参数进行了分析研究,详细介绍了光纤温度传感器的制作过程及制作特点,并对光纤温度传感器进行了温度标定试验、防水试验和高低温热循环试验等性能考核试验。研制开发的光纤温度传感器在秦沈客运专线辽河特大桥水化过程监测试验中得到了大量应用,成功实现了混凝土结构内部进行温度的长期监测。试验室性能考核试验和现场试验结果表明:该传感器具有优良的精度稳定性和防水性能,能够满足施工现场复杂状况下混凝土结构长期温度监测的要求。     

国产道岔除雪系统发展方向

通过对铁路道岔加热融雪系统的深入调研,阐述了国产道岔融雪系统的选型、安全使用及发展方向。     

船舶低速主机低硫燃油使用问题和防范措施

出于环境保护目的,国际社会强制所有船舶使用低硫燃油只是时间问题。对两条船舶低速主机使用低硫燃油产生的问题原因进行分析,在此基础上探讨低速主机制造厂推荐的防范措施和船舶管理公司采取的措施。     

燃料电池轿车DC/DC变换器

针对燃料电池轿车的特点和设计要求而开发的满足燃料电池轿车需要的DC/DC变换器,具有功率密度大、效率高、可靠性高、体积小、质量轻等特点.采用集中控制、多重并联电路方案很好地解决了多重电路并联的均流控制问题,且简单适用.     

汽油发动机水温传感器检测与故障分析

水温传感器的功能是检测发动机冷却液温度,并将温度信号转换为电信号传送给发动机电控单元,电控单元根据该信号修正喷油时间和点火时间,使发动机工况处于最佳运行状态。当水温传感器发生故障时,发动机会易出现冷、热车启动困难、油耗增加、怠速稳定性降低、废气排放量升高等等故障现象。     

LY温拌剂对沥青混合料性能影响研究

LY温拌剂是一种使用多种废旧材料复合而成的温拌添加剂。通过对LY温拌沥青混合料和热拌沥青混合料的性能测试及比较,结果表明：添加该温拌剂对沥青混合料的性能提升效果明显,优于对应热拌沥青混合料。     

Surface chlorophyll in the Black Sea over 1978–1986 derived from satellite and in situ data

Absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration and its spatial and seasonal variations in the Black Sea were assessed by using satellite CZCS and in situ data. Since the satellite CZCS had operated for the 1978–1986 period, CZCS data was used for assessing the past state of the Black Sea just before the onset of drastic changes observed in late 1980s. The approach used for the calculation of the absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration from CZCS data was based on the direct comparison of in situ chlorophyll a data and those of CZCS and by applying the algorithm developed for the transformation of CZCS data into chlorophyll a values. CZCS Level 2 data related with pigment concentration having a spatial resolution of 1 km at nadir were used. The daily Level 3 files were derived by binning Level 2 values into 4-km grid cells and the monthly and seasonal Level 3 files were created by averaging the daily Level 3 files over the corresponding period. In situ chlorophyll a data were obtained by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in 15 scientific cruises over the 1978–1986 period. Total number of ship-measured data used for the comparison with those CZCS values was 590.Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) was derived from CZCS values (C) with regression equations Chl=kC; the coefficient of transformation k was calculated from six different data sets by taking into account distinctions between subregions and seasons. The reasons for difference in the k values have been analyzed.Statistical comparison of the chlorophyll a values measured in situ and those derived from CZCS data was based on log-transformed data and gave the following results: regression SLOPE=0.842, regression INTERCEPT=−0.081, coefficient of determination (R²)=0.806, root–mean–square ERROR=0.195. The mean monthly chlorophyll a distributions derived from CZCS data over 1978–1986 have been constructed and the mean seasonal chlorophyll a values in different regions have been calculated and analyzed. The significant difference in chlorophyll concentration between the western shelf regions and the open part of the Black Sea has been demonstrated, especially in warm season. At almost all seasons, the highest chlorophyll concentration is observed in the western interior shelf region which is under strong influence of Danube. The summer mean chlorophyll concentration in this region is 18 times higher than that in the open parts and about nine times higher than in the eastern shelf region. The greatest seasonal variations are observed in the open part of the Black Sea: chlorophyll concentration in cold season is four to six times higher than in summer and three to five times higher than in April and October. To the contrary, in the western interior shelf regions, the concentration is higher in May–October (about twice than that in November–March). Seasonal variations in the western outer shelf regions are smoothed out as compared with both the western interior shelf and the open regions.     

MARPOL公约经修订的附则I“第12A条——燃油舱保护”研究

针对MARPOL公约经修订的附则I中即将生效的"第12A条——燃油舱保护"这一新增要求,研究了燃油舱不同尺度和位置的破损概率,绘制了破损概率图谱,并对以表格形式给出的破损概率进行了回归分析,得出了一些实用的结论,为今后提高船舶燃油舱的布置设计水平做了必要的技术储备。     

摆式列车检测系统中的传感器容错研究

准确可靠地获得剩余离心加速度对于摆式列车正确倾摆和安全运行至关重要。设置多个并联的加速度传感器可以提高检测该参数的可靠性,文章计算了在给定可靠性下的最优并联单元数,针对传感器的失效过程和形式,确定传感器故障的决策逻辑和故障判断的门限参数。实例仿真表明,多模硬件冗余和相应的故障决策逻辑可以有效地容忍传感器故障,对于提高摆式列车剩余离心加速度检测的可靠性是切实可行的。