船舶在波浪中航行时的安全操纵

船舶在波浪中航行,纯稳性丧失、参数激振和横甩是造成船舶倾覆的主要原因。针对波长与船长、波高与波长、波与船的波舷角三者对船舶稳性的影响进行讨论,揭示了船舶在波浪中航行时的稳性变化规律,提出了应合理地选择船舶的航行姿态、谨慎用舵等操船建议,保证船舶的航行安全。     

水下船舶判定海面海况技术研究

通过对水下船舶的海浪观测谱分析,提出水下船舶适用的测海况模型,并对该模型进行实验验证,为该类装置的技术改进提供理论和实验支持。     

Spectral signature of wave breaking in surface wave components of intermediate-length scale

This paper investigates the length scale of ocean surface breaking waves in the spectral range of intermediate wavelength components a few centimeters to a few meters long. The spectral properties of wave breaking are examined first with the dissipation function of the wave action density conservation equation. The analysis reveals a strong breaking signature in wave components between 0.15 and 1.5 m long in the form of a quasi-singular behavior of the dissipation function using the present formulation of the wind-generation and breaking dissipation functions. Independent studies of more-direct breaking observations of radar tracking of sea spikes in the past have shown close correlation between sea spikes and scatterers traveling at the speed of surface waves a few meters long and much shorter than the dominant wavelength. This feature of sea-spike properties is consistent with the breaking signature of the dissipation function in similar wavelengths. The intermediate-scale waves are the primary contributor of the ocean surface mean-square slope. The close correlation between the gas transfer rate and the mean-square slope has been demonstrated repeatedly. A better understanding of the wave dynamics of intermediate-scale waves is important for clarification of various gas transfer mechanisms.     

Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage

A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind–wave model (Wavewatch-III) implemented in the South China Sea is used to investigate the effects of the wave boundary layer on the drag coefficient and the sea-to-air transfer velocity of dimethylsulfide (DMS) during passage of Typhoon Wukong (September 5–11, 2000) with a maximum sustained wind speed of 38 m s^− 1. The model is driven by the reanalyzed surface winds (1° × 1°, four times daily) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. It is found that the wave boundary layer evidently enhances (16.5%) the drag coefficient (in turn increases the momentum flux across the air–sea interface), and reduces (13.1%) the sea-to-air DMS transfer velocity (in turn decreases the sea-to-air DMS flux). This indicates the possibility of important roles of wave boundary layer in atmospheric DMS contents and global climate system.     

Filling up gaps in wave data with genetic programming

A given time series of significant wave heights invariably contains smaller or larger gaps or missing values due to a variety of reasons ranging from instrument failures to loss of recorders following human interference. In-filling of missing information is widely reported and well documented for variables like rainfall and river flow, but not for the wave height observations made by rider buoys. This paper attempts to tackle this problem through one of the latest soft computing tools, namely, genetic programming (GP). The missing information in hourly significant wave height observations at one of the data buoy stations maintained by the US National Data Buoy Center is filled up by developing GP models through spatial correlations. The gap lengths of different orders are artificially created and filled up by appropriate GP programs. The results are also compared with those derived using artificial neural networks (ANN). In general, it is found that the in-filling done by GP rivals that by ANN and many times becomes more satisfactory, especially when the gap lengths are smaller. Although the accuracy involved reduces as the amount of gap increases, the missing values for a long duration of a month or so can be filled up with a maximum average error up to 0.21 m in the high seas.     

小水线面双体船在波浪中的水动力计算

采用直接边界元法,利用三维移动脉动源格林函数计算小水线面双体船在波浪中的水动力.针对小水线面双体船在零航速、横浪时所受到的波浪载荷最大的特点,分析计算了横浪和斜浪工况下水动力大小和分布特性.     

水泥混凝土的振动搅拌技术

水泥混凝土的振动搅拌效益显著.这里以独联体、美国、日本等国已有的几种振动搅拌装置为例,就其工作原理、结构、性能指标等方面作了重点介绍,以促使这项技术尽快在我国得以应用.     

扁平船舶波浪载荷预报研究

针对宽深比比较大的扁平船,研究了船舶波浪载荷长短期预报的直接计算方法。基于三维频域线性水动力理论,通过分析得出波浪载荷的响应幅算子,采用谱分析法对波浪载荷进行长短期期预报。以某试验船为例进行了计算并将结果与规范值进行了比较。得到的结论对扁平船船体强度的评估研究提供了重要参考,也为其他相关方面的研究提供了一定的借鉴价值。     

悬挂式多波束水动力分析

多波束主要用于考察海底地貌,保证良好的水动力性能可以更有利于多波束的工作。波浪中舰船产生的纵摇和垂荡是影响多波束水动力性能的主要因素。多波束所受的合力主要是由波浪中舰船垂荡和纵摇所产生的耦合垂向加速度引起的。采用势流理论计算舰船水动力系数,进一步采用STF二维切片理论对舰船耐波性进行预报。多波束升力的计算要考虑波浪和纵摇的攻角,合力与升力、重力以及浮力的差值即为多波束与船体间的作用力。多波束的水动力周期性变化,变化周期同舰船摇荡周期相同。     

Wave Number Method for Three-Dimensional Steady-State Acoustic Problems

Based on the indirect Trefftz approach, a wave number method (WNM) is proposed to deal with three-dimensional steady-state acoustic problems. In the WNM, the dynamic pressure response variable is approximated by a set of wave functions, which exactly satisfy the Helmholtz equation. The set of wave functions comprise the exact solutions of the homogeneous part of the governing equations and some particular solution functions. The unknown coefficients of the wave functions can be obtained by enforcing the pressure approximation to satisfy the boundary conditions. Compared with the boundary element method (BEM), the WNM have a smaller system matrix, and is applicable to the radiation problems since the wave functions are independent of the domain size. A 3D acoustic cavity is exemplified to show the properties of the method. The results show that the wave number method is more efficient than the BEM, and it is fairly accurate.