船体主要载荷效应的随机组合

基于静水载荷的时间变异性，导出了一种静水载荷效应与波浪载荷效应组合的新方法，同基于FBC（Ferry Borges Castenbete）模型或随机过程的上跨率的组合形式相比较，此方法的概念更清晰，计算更容易实施，考虑到规范中给定的最大允许静水载荷效应对应的普遍接受的超越概率水平，以及静水载荷过程跨越某一固定水平的概率的上界特性，规定静水载荷过程超越二十年最大允许载荷效应的概率为确珲载荷效应特征值的概率水平，经过这样处理，避免了载荷效应特征值的过高估计，通过数值分析检验方法的有效性，结果表明本文的方法可以得到级合载荷效应特征极值的一致估计。     

Preoperational ocean forecasting in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea: Implementation and evaluation of the models and selection of the atmospheric forcing

Within the framework of several local and international programs, a quasi-operational ocean-forecasting system for the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea has been established and evaluated through a series of preoperational tests. The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is used for simulating and predicting the hydrodynamics while the Wave Model (WAM) is used for predicting surface waves. Both models were set up to allow varying resolution and multiple nesting. In addition, POM was set up to be easily relocatable to allow rapid deployment of the model for any region of interest within the Mediterranean Sea. A common requirement for both models is the need for atmospheric forcing. Both models require time varying wind or wind stress. In addition, the hydrodynamic model requires initial conditions as well as time dependent surface heat fluxes, fresh water flux, and lateral boundary conditions at the open boundaries. Several sources of atmospheric forcing have been assessed based on their availability and their impact on the quality of the ocean models' forecasts. The various sources include operational forecast centers, other research centers, as well as running an in-house regional atmospheric model. For surface waves, higher spatial and temporal resolution of the winds plays a central role in improving the forecasts in terms of significant wave height and the timing of various high wave events. For the hydrodynamics, using the predicted wind stress and heat fluxes directly from an atmospheric model can potentially produce short range ocean forecasts that are nearly as good as hindcasts forced with gridded atmospheric analyses. Finally, a high-resolution, nested version of the model has shown to be stable under a variety of forcing conditions and time scales, thus indicating the robustness of the selected nesting strategy. For the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean, at forecast lead times of up to 4 days the high-resolution model shows improved skill over the coarser resolution driving model when compared to satellite derived sea surface temperatures. Most of the error appears to be due to the analysis error inherent in the initial conditions.     

An idealized model of interaction between fronds of the large seaweed Durvillaea antarctica

The effect of interactions between individual fronds in a bed of the large intertidal seaweed Durvillaea antarctica, when forced by breaking waves, is studied using a computational model. The model simulates the response of a seaweed bed using a sequence of connected oscillators which are excited by a propagating forcing function representing a breaking ocean wave. Two new facets of the interplay between seaweeds and hydrodynamics are considered: (i) wave forcing due to breaking waves is often not sinusoidal in the rocky intertidal zone and (ii) a frond interaction term is included. The addition of frond interaction reduces the maximum loading on individuals within the bed by around 30% using estimated biomechanical parameters. The rate of change of the loading on the holdfast (equivalent to the “jerk”) is affected in a similar or greater fashion.     

穿浪多体船运动性能研究

在穿浪双体船基础上，加装半潜体或带被动式减纵摇鳍的半潜体使其成为消波穿浪多体船，航行性能大大提高。半潜体不仅对耐波性能有利，对静水阻力和船体结构强度都有利。试验表明半潜体使经济航速阻力减小１８－２３％，设计航速阻力减小５－７％。耐波性综合指标比穿波双体船有提高，特别是纵摇明显减小。     

在方波电压作用下理想磁放大器的理论分析

本文详细分析了在方波电压作用下的理想磁放大器的磁化特性,得到了理想磁放大器的特性与参数,并同正弦波电压作用下理想磁放大器的磁化特性进行了对比.     

Numerical modeling of breaking waves generated by a ship’s hull

A new model for the simulation of spilling breaking waves in naval flows is presented. The hydrostatic pressure is used in order to mimic the weight of the breaker on the underlying flow, as in the model of Cointe and Tulin, whereas the algorithm for detecting the breaking inception and the definition of its geometry are completely new and are suitable for the simulation of three–dimensional flows around ships hulls. The model has been implemented in a finite-volume code developed for naval flows, and its performances have been validated against experimental data for a submerged profile, an S60 hull in drift motion, and the US Combatant DTMB 5415 model on a straight course.     

A 2D+T VOF fully coupled formulation for the calculation of breaking free-surface flow

We present the results of simulations obtained with a free-surface flow solver based on the following method. The free surface is simulated by the volume-of-fluid interface capturing method. This code solves the Navier–Stokes equations using a finite-volume method adapted to a structured or unstructured mesh. The system is constructed using a fully coupled approach. This global approach allows the simulation of complex flow as a breaking or merging wave. Moreover, with the use of a 2D+T decomposition, it is possible to simulate three-dimensional steady flow.     

中国海与西北太平洋波浪长期统计的导算方法

为了满足船舶与海洋工程对波侯数据的需要，本文回顾了以往出版的几种图集资料并分析了其不足之处，着重介绍了当前国际上较新的英国波峰综合模式（NMIMET）和美国海军风浪后报模式（SOWM）及两者的结果图集。为获得中国海与西北太平洋海域更可靠的数据，在对日本气象厅的器测浮标站长期资料的统计结果与相应的船舶报资料按各种方法处理的结果比较基础上，进一步改进了NMIMET模式。这主要是在波高与周期联合概率分布导算方法上，采用一种新的更灵活的联合分布模式以代替原来所用的由Ochi建议的二维对数正态模式；同时对于在模式中需要确定的有关周期的参数，根据新的资料和计算结果对原用的回归公式作出了改进。用改进后的模式导算得到的波高、周期分布与器测浮标站结果更为接近。     

工程机械状态监测系统中包络线检测器设计与电路分析

包络线检测器在工程机械工作状态监测系统中占有举足轻重的地位．本文主要阐述包络线检测器的基本电路结构、设计要点和关键参数的调整及对输出信号的影响     

Numerical study on breaking phenomena of ships’ waves in narrow and shallow waterways

The environmental impact of a ships waves, such as the risk of erosion of coasts and riverbanks, and unacceptable ship movements in a restricted waterway, is now a significant ship design criterion. Therefore, it is necessary to predict ship-wave phenomena accurately in a restricted waterway. In this study, a numerical investigation of the breaking phenomena of a ships waves in restricted waterways was carried out. Incompressible Navier–Stokes and continuity equations were employed. The equations are discretized by a finite-difference method in a curvilinear coordinate system. The interface capturing method was applied to simulation of a ships waves, including wave-breaking. A modification of the level-set method is proposed to find the free surface shape clearly and without difficulty of the implemation of the boundary conditions for the distance function. In order to obtain a high resolution of wave height, a constrained interpolated profile (CIP) algorithm is adopted. In order to check the advantage of the CIP method, computations by two numerical methods, the CIP and the 3rd-order up-wind scheme, were compared. The computations for a Wigley hull in restricted waterways were performed and compared with experiments. The phenomena of ships waves in restricted waterways are discussed in order to understand the mechanism of wave-breaking in relation to the change in water depth along a waterway.