船舶焊接末端受电抖振及其电频细化研究

船舶焊接领域中,钢板等焊接不可避免的会产生焊接残余应力,针对这一问题,文章通过分析焊接机器人焊枪末端受电抖振及其扰动等影响来揭示其响应规律。首先通过搭建的焊接模型阐明焊接过程动力学特性,然后研究不同特性电弧力对焊枪运动稳定性的影响,探索末端焊枪作业稳定性与焊接区电弧力及电源频率等参量之间响应关系,并对多组不同驱动电频下的焊接运动进行动力学仿真,得到电频变化与电弧力的对应规律。研究表明,焊接电源频率的有效细化有利于末端焊枪焊接运动过程的平稳,且发现最优焊接电源频率在10HZ邻域时焊枪末端动态振动最小,通过控制电源频率大小能明显抑制焊枪振动,在一定程度上降低残余应力大小,有利于船舶焊接表面质量的提高。     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.     

焊缝超声波探伤铁道行业标准与国际标准的对比分析

针对铁路行业应用较多的焊缝超声波探伤的行业标准TB/T 1558.2—2010和国际标准ISO 17640:2013及ISO 11666:2010,从标准组成、探头参数、扫查面准备及母材的检测、灵敏度和时基线的校准、检测等级、质量评定等方面对比2种标准在钢焊缝超声波探伤中检测技术及质量分级方面的差异。通过试验对比说明采用2种标准对同一缺陷进行质量评定时,结果可能完全不同,为现场探伤工作人员工作提供参考。     

密闭容器焊接车间烟尘治理措施的研究

密闭容器焊接车间的电焊烟尘浓度,一般超过国家卫生标准,特别是罐内烟尘污染严重。在本文所介绍的实例中,对密闭容器焊接车间设计了两套通风除尘系统。在设计中主要以排除罐内烟尘为主,在地面上设置了多个吸风口,用软管接到罐内。同时在车间上部设置多个吸风口,辅以车间的全面通风。以此降低车间的烟尘浓度。文中还论述了电焊烟尘的理化特性和净化电焊烟尘的几种方式,重点介绍了电除尘器的设计。     

Accurate evaluation of fracture parameters for a surface-cracked tubular T-joint taking welding residual stress into account

An efficient numerical analysis procedure based on FEM was implemented for evaluating the effect of welding residual stress (WRS) on mixed-mode stress intensity factors (MM-SIFs) for a non-planar surface-cracked tubular T-joint with a rounded weld toe. A multi-pass welding simulation was carried out using real welding conditions by means of an effective in-house welding simulation code. A fully compatible 3D finite element mesh generation system was implemented to model non-planar perpendicular surface-cracked tubular T-joints with rounded weld toes. The adequacy of the mesh generation system was verified with the reference solutions. A fully automated mapping code was developed to assign the six components of the simulated WRS to each element face over the crack surface. A developed fracture approach was employed to accurately compute MM-SIFs resulting from WRS in which normal and shear components of WRS were considered. MM-SIFs were calculated carefully for several surface cracks with different shapes under different loading conditions. The behavior of MM-SIF solutions resulting from the combination of external load and WRS was influenced significantly by the behavior of those produced due to WRS only. In addition, the value of the computed SIFs resulting from the combination of external load and WRS was almost doubled for mode-I SIF compared to those obtained by external load only and WRS only especially near the crack end locations. The behavior of the calculated fracture parameters was also discussed.     

船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头焊接工艺分析

Q345R钢是普通低合金高强度钢,广泛的用于压力容器制造行业。其S、P含量控制较严,焊接性较好,但是由于含有一定量的合金元素,淬硬、冷裂倾向都比低碳钢大一些。通过船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头环焊缝的焊接,分析了Q345R钢的化学成分和机械性能,通过选用合理的焊接材料、坡口形式、焊接方法、焊接工艺来保证储存罐的焊缝质量。     

汽车焊装线设计的标准化管理

为提高汽车焊装线设计生产效率、缩短设计与制造周期、减少设计失误、降低生产成本，本文提出了知识共享的标准化管理方法。该标准化管理方法是增强竞争力的有效支点，在实际应用中将发挥出重要作用。     

白车身开发过程中焊接精度控制

白车身的焊接精度决定整车的装配效果和性能,有效控制白车身的焊接精度,是车身质量的重要保障。白车身的主要偏差在于零部件各个环节公差的积累,控制车身偏差主要通过控制夹具、检具和模具的精度来控制公差的积累。如果车身匹配精度超过规定值,就会影响汽车制造质量、生产节拍和产品成本。保证白车身质量可以提高产品的市场竞争力。     

汽车车架焊接过程中焊接变形的控制方法

由于焊接变形具有诸多危害,为保证产品理论尺寸及控制其精度,文章通过选择合适的焊缝形状和尺寸、合理的焊接顺序和工艺参数、刚性固定法以及反变形法对车架焊接变形进行控制,最终将变形控制在合理范围之内,使产品满足装配要求。虽然焊接变形具有不可预测性,但只要掌握其规律并采取相应措施,就能很好地加以控制。     

一体式热成型激光拼焊门环在汽车上的应用

运用新的工艺技术是轻量化的重要手段之一。本文简述了一体式热成型激光拼焊门环在某车型上的成形工艺和具体应用,并校核了门环的强度。门环成形运用了热成型激光拼焊技术,在生产上节约了模具设计及制造成本,而且实现了轻量化,门环减重超过10%。