自锁原理在混凝土块体安装机械中的应用

孟加拉Mirsarai海岸防护项目工程护底块体采用100 cm×80 cm×60 cm长方体混凝土块体。在块体生产堆放过程中,须采用夹块机运输,但在安装时由于该护底块未设计吊钩,故无法采用吊车安装,只能用长臂挖机安装液压夹进行夹块安装。液压夹故障率较高,且夹块困难,安放时力度不好控制,容易造成块体间的碰撞损伤。为此,对现有的机械设备做出改进,根据物理学中的静摩擦自锁现象,制作出自锁型夹子。该夹子在夹块时仅仅依靠夹子橡胶复合结构和混凝土块自身重力产生的摩擦力夹紧块体,而安放时仅须旋转挖机斗改变受力钢丝绳来松开块体,无须人员辅助,有效地解决了块体安装过程中机械伤的问题。同时,由于自锁型夹子制作简单、维修方便,因此提高了生产效率、降低了成本。     

沥青路面微表处抗剪性能试验研究

通过直剪试验并结合理论计算对沥青路面微表处的抗剪性能进行研究,研究表明:夏李高温时,微表处的抗剪强度可以抵抗极端不利条件下的车轮剪切力;在最佳油石比±1％的范围内,微表处抗剪强度不会随油石比的增加而减小;界面污染或界面有水会减小微袁处与旧路面的粘结力.     

厚卵石层钻孔灌注桩施工工艺对桩基承载力的影响

结合某汉江特大桥基础的3根试桩资料,研究了在厚卵石层地基条件下不同施工工艺对钻孔灌注桩承载力的影响。结果表明,钻孔灌注桩的成孔工艺、泥浆性能指标、清孔时间及清孔方式都会直接影响桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力的发挥,同时提出了提高钻孔灌注桩承载力的技术措施及应注意的有关事项。     

水润滑轴承弹流动压润滑和摩擦特性数值计算分析

利用多重网格方法对水润滑径向轴承的弹性流体动力润滑性能,特别是摩擦性能进行分析,利用MATLAB软件编程求解,得到了水润滑径向轴承在稳态下的压力分布、液膜厚度和摩擦因数大小及变化趋势:在相同载荷下,随着转速的升高,局部最大压力减小,液膜厚度变大,摩擦因数减小,在相同转速下,随着载荷的升高,局部最大压力变大,液膜厚度减小,摩擦因数减小。     

反渗透海水淡化用海水泵的研究与发展现状

海水淡化是人类解决淡水缺乏的必然途径,反渗透海水淡化适应性宽,无论大、中、小规模,还是海水或苦咸水都适用,是近20年发展最快的海水淡化技术,本文主要介绍反渗透海水淡化系统中的关键部件-海水泵的国内外研究、应用与发展现状,分析探讨了海水泵的关键技术问题.     

汽车天窗玻璃密封条开启、关闭异响问题的研究

汽车天窗即作为通风、采光的汽车功能部件,同时也是直接能被客户感知的部件,汽车天窗的运行时平稳、安静能提高乘员的舒适性。本文从机理上对天窗打开、关闭过程中的密封条摩擦振动进行了分析,并提出了部分影响、控制因素。设计、开发及验证阶段注意这些因素,即可避免出现这样的问题,稳定天窗总成的质量。     

土体中应力分布基本规律的探讨

基于土体的颗粒结构和只有颗粒接触传递应力的特性，对不同姿态颗粒接触中应力传递的机理分析，揭示了土体在相对静态下存在主动力的应力扩散效应和强被动力的应力集中效应，及其形成的土体中应力分布基本规律。主动力的应力场是以其所在土层的应力扩散角θ向外扩散的园锥形应力范围，在应力场内应力扩散分布，主应力方向不变，且伴有与之垂直的法向应力，应力分布均衡了应力场内颗粒和支承面的位移趋势。强被动力的支承面上存在以θ角向外扩散倒锥台形的应力平衡范围，在此范围内反向应力集中作用到强支承面，强支承面主导了其所在应力场的应力分布。土拱效应是应力集中效应的衍生效应，是相邻的同向强支承反力的应力平衡范围发生重迭时产生的现象。     

Dynamic model for the wheel–rail contact friction

Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel–rail is modelled as a mass–spring–damper system to simulate the basic wheel–rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.     

Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

半潜式钻井平台用三滚筒锚机研制

针对目前国内半潜式钻井平台配套用三滚筒式锚机研究文献较少的现状,开展三滚筒锚机的设计研究。该锚机最大额定拉力1 700 kN,容绳量3 500 m,结构采用双滚筒摩擦绞车和储存绞车配合形式,可满足1 200 m水深半潜式钻井平台应用。文中着重介绍了主要设计原理,并进行详细的校核计算及关键部件有限元分析,结论证明该设计合理,使用可靠且安全。