车轮在沙地上滚动的稳定性分析

采用试验分析方法，研究了车轮在沙地上滚动特性 探索了车轮失去稳定性的机理，指出了提高车轮在沙地上滚动稳定性的有效途径，为开发轮式沙漠汽车提供了依据。     

独立悬架车辆转向轮侧滑及其影响因素的试验研究

结合独立悬架车辆转向轮定位参数的特点,采用二元二次回归正交组合设计方法设计了试验方案,并对影响转向轮侧滑的轮胎胎压、载荷和车速等相关因素进行了试验研究。通过对试验数据进行回归处理,得到了侧滑量与转向轮定位参数间的定量映射关系,并对其进行了回归系数、回归方程的显著性检验和失拟检验。结合汽车动力学相关理论对试验研究结果进行了分析。     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

汽车防抱死制动系统轮速传感器信号处理

本文研究了汽车防抱死制动系统轮速传感器信号的处理问题。在对变磁阻激励式轮速传感器的工作特性进行试验研究的基础上，提出了对轮速传感器信号处理电路的要求，设计出了由两级迟滞比较器＋低通滤波构成的信号处理电路。对电路进行了仿真和试验研究。研究结构显示，这种轮速信号处理电路工作可靠、抗干扰能力强。在较低车速下（〈３ｋｍ／ｈ）仍能准确地测量车速。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

Tangential force variation due to the bogie direction reversal procedure

A range of tangential forces is generated within the contact patch when a wheelset moves on the rail. These forces are intensified when incorporating curved tracks and motored axle rail vehicles [Arrus, P., de Pater, A.D. and Meyers, P., 2002, The stationary motion of a one-axle vehicle along a circular curve with real rail and wheel profiles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 37(1), 29–58]. The wheelset is subject to flange contact if an unbalanced force remains in a curve towards the high rail gauge face. The resultant force in the transverse direction includes the lateral force, the radial force, and the creep forces in addition to the effect of the frequent wheelset displacement due to the kinematic oscillation [Iwnicki, S., 2003, Simulation of wheel–rail contact forces. Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, 26, 887–900]. This article has focused on a potential variation in some of the forces cited when the wheelset is subject to backward and forward movements. A severe wear rate observed within the wheel flange region in Iranian Railways was investigated by operating a test bogie on a curvaceous track. An obvious improvement in the wear rate and wear pattern of the wheels was attained when the second test bogie encountered a bogie direction reversal procedure. This enhancement is considered in this article from the force analysis standpoint.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

车辆—轨道系统高中低频动力学模型的理论特征及其应用范围的研究

针对铁路在提速和高速发展中碰到的车辆—轨道系统的结构磨损加剧、关键部件疲劳破坏和噪声等问题,提出必须进行车辆—轨道系统高中低频范围的动力学模型研究。根据激扰的差异及其波长范围,针对车辆—轨道系统动力学在低频、中频和高频3个范围内存在问题的性质,建立符合研究要求的车辆模型、轨道模型和轮轨接触模型,并采用合理的数学方法求解。认为以车辆—轨道系统的频率特征为基础,进行完整的车辆—轨道系统动力学研究,可以有效研究车辆—轨道系统的短时动力学和长期行为之间的关系。     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

弹性支承块轨道结构落轴冲击动力性能分析

将轮轨接触边界条件用罚函数法释放,采用点面接触单元导出轮轨接触有限元控制方程,建立轨道结构落轴冲击动力有限元方程。分析落轴冲击对轨道结构产生的动态响应,比较弹性支承块及短轨枕埋入式整体道床轨道结构的动力性能,并用现场实测数据进行验证。结果表明:弹性支承块轨道结构与普通短轨枕结构相比,其轨下及块下刚度易于调整,可进行双层弹性的合理匹配,从而有效吸收轮轨冲击,提高列车运行平稳性,具有减振降噪与延缓轮轨磨损等优越性能。建议其块下刚度稍大于轨下刚度,增幅值控制在20%以内。