利用试验模态参数建立轮胎非稳态侧偏模型

在对轮胎垂直特性和稳态侧偏特性建模的基础上，利用由轮胎模态试验提取的试验模态参数建立了轮胎非稳态侧偏模型，该模型考虑了印迹的动态变形和胎宽的影响，对印迹进行离散化并初步计入了速度对非稳态性的影响，推导出侧向力和回正力矩关于侧向位移和摆动角的传递函数的解析公式，可以计算不同载荷下的非稳态特性，计算结果与文献中的试验结果相符，建模和计算结果说明利用试验模态参数可以方便地建立轮胎的非稳态特性，计算结果与     

列车提速对线路的动力影响研究与对策

列车提速是我国铁路实施的具有战略意义的重大决策。由于提速是在既有线眩进行的，提速后机车车辆对线路结构的动力影响将不可避免地增强，给轨道结构强度和线路日常养护维修工作带来不利影响、文中运用车辆一轨道耦合动力学理论，以及车轮擦伤对线路的动力影响等，进行了较细致的分析研究，在此基础上提出了解决这些问题的基本对策。     

汽油机燃烧循环变动表征参数的探讨

阐述了循环变动对汽油机的动力性、经济性及排放的不利影响 ,进而研究其影响因素。用实测的汽油机相继若干循环的示功图 ,对用缸内压力参数表征循环变动的适应性作出评价。     

The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains

This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map, respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second, based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China, the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore, the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and z-axis is discussed. The results show that the moment about the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability, but the moment about the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However, the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.     

New methodology for fast prediction of wheel wear evolution

In railway applications wear prediction in the wheel–rail interface is a fundamental matter in order to study problems such as wheel lifespan and the evolution of vehicle dynamic characteristic with time. However, one of the principal drawbacks of the existing methodologies for calculating the wear evolution is the computational cost. This paper proposes a new wear prediction methodology with a reduced computational cost. This methodology is based on two main steps: the first one is the substitution of the calculations over the whole network by the calculation of the contact conditions in certain characteristic point from whose result the wheel wear evolution can be inferred. The second one is the substitution of the dynamic calculation (time integration calculations) by the quasi-static calculation (the solution of the quasi-static situation of a vehicle at a certain point which is the same that neglecting the acceleration terms in the dynamic equations). These simplifications allow a significant reduction of computational cost to be obtained while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy (error order of 5–10%). Several case studies are analysed along the paper with the objective of assessing the proposed methodology. The results obtained in the case studies allow concluding that the proposed methodology is valid for an arbitrary vehicle running through an arbitrary track layout.     

Further study on the wheel–rail impact response induced by a single wheel flat: the coupling effect of strain rate and thermal stress

A comprehensive dynamic finite-element simulation method was proposed to study the wheel–rail impact response induced by a single wheel flat based on a 3-D rolling contact model, where the influences of the structural inertia, strain rate effect of wheel–rail materials and thermal stress due to the wheel–rail sliding friction were considered. Four different initial conditions (i.e. pure mechanical loading plus rate-independent, pure mechanical loading plus rate-dependent, thermo-mechanical loading plus rate-independent, and thermo-mechanical loading plus rate-dependent) were involved into explore the corresponding impact responses in term of the vertical impact force, von-Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain and shear stress. Influences of train speed, flat length and axle load on the flat-induced wheel–rail impact response were discussed, respectively. The results indicate that the maximum thermal stresses are occurred on the tread of the wheel and on the top surface of the middle rail; the strain rate hardening effect contributes to elevate the von-Mises equivalent stress and restrain the plastic deformation; and the initial thermal stress due to the sliding friction will aggravate the plastic deformation of wheel and rail. Besides, the wheel–rail impact responses (i.e. impact force, von-Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain, and XY shear stress) induced by a flat are sensitive to the train speed, flat length and axle load.     

基于RMR岩体分级系统的TBM掘进性能参数预测

为解决由于地质条件原因造成TBM掘进效率低下的问题,基于吉林引松供水工程建立的TBM数据库,提出应用RMR岩体分级系统对TBM的掘进性能参数进行预测。通过回归分析的方法分别建立了RMR与TBM性能预测参数掘进速率(PR)、施工进度(AR)、利用率(U)以及贯入度指数(FPI)的经验公式。研究结果表明:RMR与PR、AR、U均呈现二次相关关系,RMR与FPI为线性关系,且相关系数均大于0.7;当RMR=50~70时,岩体具有较好的可掘性;当岩体条件较差(RMR30~40)或者岩体条件极好(RMR70~80)时,岩体的可掘性均较差;吉林引松工程TBM掘进的平均利用率为22.36%,与地质条件相关的停工时间约占总工期的25.97%。     

大断面越江电力管廊隧道管片接头力学行为研究

为了探究盾构隧道管片接头力学性能,基于苏通GIL综合管廊隧道工程,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立用三维精细化数值模型对其接头力学参数和破坏过程进行计算和分析,并采用试验方法对接头力学行为进行分析,将试验结果与数值计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:接头竖向位移、接头转角和接头抗弯刚度与接头内力关系曲线具有明显的分段线性或非线性特征,其中接头竖向位移和接头抗弯刚度与弯矩的关系曲线可以分为两段,接头转角与弯矩的关系曲线可以分为3段;轴力对管片接头的各项力学参数均有不同程度的影响;正弯矩接头的破坏始于外弧面混凝土压溃;试验得到的接头力学参数和数值计算结果均呈现出相同的变化规律,验证了数值计算的可信度。     

基于MIV-BP模型和AIC准则的盾构掘进参数优化研究

为解决水下隧道和隧洞工程盾构施工关键掘进参数在复合地层中难以控制的问题,以广东陆丰核电站1、2号机组排水隧洞工程盾构施工为背景,将平均影响值(Mean Impact Value,MIV)算法引入BP神经网络模型,筛选出对施工效果影响显著的关键掘进参数,在此基础上,基于AIC准则对其进行最优分布拟合,提出以50%和90%置信水平下的置信区间,分别作为掘进参数的控制区间和预警区间的掘进参数优化设计方案,并基于Python脚本语言自带的开源Scikit-Learn、SciPy模块库开发了相应的程序。分析结果表明,刀盘扭矩、总推力等参数对隧洞拱顶沉降起重要的控制作用,所开发程序具有良好的统计分析、快速指导施工的功能,可以为同类型盾构在相似复合地层下掘进参数的选取、优化和隧洞拱顶沉降量的控制提供参考。     

预应力型钢混凝土梁-钢管混凝土柱节点变参数受力分析

预应力型钢混凝土梁-钢管混凝土柱的可靠性是保证框架结构安全的关键。以呼和浩特东站站房为例,采用ADINA有限元软件建立了节点有限元模型,通过变参数分析,研究了节点区加强环板设置方式、厚度及预应力筋截断位置对节点受力性能的影响。结果表明:同时设置内外加强环板并进行圆弧过渡可有效降低环板的应力集中;预应力筋在2. 5倍型钢梁高以外截断时,预应力筋的截断位置对节点的受力影响不大;在设计荷载作用下节点呈非线性弹性变化,具有很好的承载力和刚度,且梁内箍筋最大应力值出现在梁端加强区以外。