快速道路公交和城市轨道交通关键参数比较及相关问题探讨

对快速道路公交和城市轨道交通系统的规划和建设时间、基建费用和运营成本、票费收支比、补贴和投融资、载客量、速度和灵活性、能源消耗等关键参数进行了分析比较.指出快速道路公交在费用、灵活性和建设周期上具有较大优势,轨道交通系统在载客能力、环境景观和服务水平上更有优势,还可以充分利用地下空间.在层次分析法框架下讨论了发展快速公共交通的决策准则.提出了快速道路公交和轨道交通的两种组合模式:快速道路公交作为轨道交通的补充和延伸,提高公共交通的覆盖率和服务水平;快速道路公交作为轨道交通发展的过渡阶段,先发展快速道路公交,培育客流,待轨道交通建成后再将快速道路公交路权返还给社会车辆.     

基于岩体指标和掘进参数的TBM净掘进速率预测模型

净掘进速率是TBM施工速度的主要评价指标,与围岩物理力学性质、TBM掘进参数之间存在一定相关性。文章以兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞双护盾TBM施工为背景,基于现场实测数据,选择岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、泊松比、岩石耐磨性CAI值等岩体指标,以及刀盘推力和刀盘转速等掘进参数,进行TBM净掘进速率与有关影响参数之间的单因素相关性分析,得到相应拟合公式;基于TBM净掘进速率与岩体指标、掘进参数之间的相关性,利用多元非线性回归方法建立了TBM净掘进速率预测模型。通过将兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞实测TBM净掘进速率和预测结果进行对比,验证了TBM净掘进速率预测模型的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)在复杂的多种地质条件下,TBM净掘进速率与岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、岩石耐磨性CAI值、刀盘推力以及刀盘转速呈负相关关系,与泊松比呈正相关关系;(2)干湿状态对岩石耐磨性CAI值有一定影响,饱和状态下岩石耐磨性CAI值与TBM净掘进速率之间的相关性更显著;(3)建立的多元非线性回归预测模型,预测精度较高,可为相似地质条件下TBM净掘进速率估算提供参考。     

Determinants of full and partial household evacuation decision making in hurricane matthew

This paper adds partial household evacuation to the traditional binary evacuate/stay decision. Based on data from a survey of Jacksonville, FL residents after Hurricane Matthew, multinomial (MNL) and random parameter MNL models were developed to determine the influential factors and whether some variables’ effects are more nuanced than prior literature suggests. The random parameter model was preferred to the fixed parameters model. Variables significant in this model included injury concern, certainty about hurricane impact location, age, marital status, family cohesion, and living in mobile or detached homes. Greater injury concern results in lower likelihood of none of the household evacuating and greater likelihood of partial evacuation, but lower likelihood of full household evacuation. Similarly, greater certainty about hurricane impact increased the probability of partial household evacuation but decreased the probability of full evacuation. Respondent age had heterogenous effects; for 85.54% of respondents, additional years of age increased the likelihood of the household staying. Married households had a higher likelihood of staying or evacuating together. Similarly, greater family cohesion was associated with the household remaining together. Living in mobile homes decreased the likelihood that all of the household stays or evacuates and increased the probability of partial household evacuation. Living in a single-family detached home was associated with lower likelihood of all of the household staying or evacuating and a greater likelihood of a partial household evacuation. These findings can inform strategies that influence full or partial household evacuations, material requirements based on these decisions, and ways to reduce family risk.     

西安北辰大道北延快速化改造总体方案研究

对西安市北辰大道北延伸快速化改造进行了总体方案研究。从快速路功能定位、建设条件、控制因素等方面对渭北片区交通进行了分析,并对交通量进行预测。结合大西安快速路体系规划及西铜一级路在路网中的功能定位,进行线位方案论证。根据现状控制因素,结合规划红线,确定横断面设计方案,并对沿线主要相交道路进行节点方案研究。     

基于单片机的打标机导向控制系统设计

设计了一套基于微处理机控制单元(microprocessor control unit)气动打标机导向控制系统,该系统具有汉字及字符打印功能.该文介绍了系统的硬件组成和软件设计思想.此系统易操作、流程清晰.     

基于时空特性和组合深度学习的交通流参数估计

为深入挖掘交通流时空特性,提高交通流参数估计精度,基于深度学习提出一种交通流参数估计的组合方法.根据目标断面及其上游断面的交通流数据构造输入矩阵,利用卷积神经网络捕捉交通流的空间特性,使用长短期记忆和门控循环神经网络挖掘交通流的时间特性,组合3种深度学习方法所得输出,得到交通流参数估计值.采用中国安徽省合肥市和美国加州...     

VMT, energy consumption, and GHG emissions forecasting for passenger transportation

Globalization, greenhouse gas emissions and energy concerns, emerging vehicle technologies, and improved statistical modeling capabilities make the present moment an opportune time to revisit aggregate vehicle miles traveled (VMT), energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions forecasting for passenger transportation. Using panel data for the 48 continental states during the period 1998-2008, the authors develop simultaneous equation models for predicting VMT on different road functional classes and examine how different technological solutions and changes in fuel prices can affect passenger VMT. Moreover, a random coefficient panel data model is developed to estimate the influence of various factors (such as demographics, socioeconomic variables, fuel tax, and capacity) on the total amount of passenger VMT in the United States. To assess the influence of each significant factor on VMT, elasticities are estimated. Further, the authors investigate the effect of different policies governing fuel tax and population density on future energy consumption and GHG emissions. The presented methodology and estimation results can assist transportation planners and policy-makers in determining future energy and transportation infrastructure investment needs.     

中低速磁浮列车救援支撑装置的优化及冲洗回路参数设定

介绍了中低速磁浮列车救援支撑装置的组成及其工作原理,以及增压缸的工作过程。分析了救援支撑装置的常见问题。阐述了救援支撑装置的气液回路优化措施和控制方式优化措施,并基于长沙长沙磁浮快线的实际情况,通过计算得到冲洗回路工艺参数设定参考值,提高了救援支撑装置的可靠性及可操作维护性。     

手机社交娱乐操作对驾驶人视觉参数影响研究

为探究手机社交娱乐操作对驾驶人视觉参数的影响,基于模拟驾驶器和SmartEye 眼动仪设计模拟驾驶实验,采集驾驶人正常驾驶、拨打电话、收发信息等5种操作下视觉特征数据,应用拉依达准则和联合频数分布直方图进行数据归约.针对不同操作下视觉参数,应用箱形图和Kruskal-Wallis显著性检验,验证视觉参数评价指标的有效性.结果表明：随手机操作类型的不同,驾驶人水平和垂直视角标准差、视线离开道路时间百分比、扫视平均速度和眨眼持续时间呈显著性变化,可作为视觉参数影响的评价指标;观看视频和刷朋友圈操作对驾驶人视觉影响程度明显高于拨打电话和收发短信操作.     

基于灰色二次指数平滑的QAR参数关联度预测

由于QAR参数波动的后果具有潜在性和滞后性,因此分析人员容易忽视其危险性而使其发展为不利事件。针对该问题,提出运用QAR参数关联度分析的方法,建立QAR参数波动与事件之间的对应关系;并构建基于二次指数平滑-灰色关联法的关联度预测模型,进一步明确QAR参数波动与事件之间关系的动态变化趋势。运用实际数据对该模型进行验证,表明结论符合实际,该模型科学合理,可以用于QAR参数分析过程。