铁路隧道光面爆破施工技术与管理实例

为减少铁路隧道开挖断面超挖或欠挖,提高隧道施工的安全和质量,有效控制施工成本,在爆破参数初步设计的基础上,对周边孔间距、光爆层厚度、炮孔长度、装药量和分段装药结构进行优化,最终采用周边孔间距为35 cm、光爆层厚度为40 cm、炮孔长度为3.2~3.8 m、周边孔每孔装药量为0.6~0.75 kg和分3段进行装药的优化参数,爆破效果满足铁路隧道光面爆破控制的要求。另外,在爆破作业过程中,通过加强技术交底、技术培训以及合同管理,并严格执行班组长责任制,提高了爆破控制的质量,达到超欠挖控制的目标,有效节约经济费用。     

An alternative to FASTSIM for tangential solution of the wheel–rail contact

In most rail vehicle dynamics simulation packages, tangential solution of the wheel–rail contact is gained by means of Kalker's FASTSIM algorithm. While 5–25% error is expected for creep force estimation, the errors of shear stress distribution, needed for wheel–rail damage analysis, may rise above 30% due to the parabolic traction bound. Therefore, a novel algorithm named FaStrip is proposed as an alternative to FASTSIM. It is based on the strip theory which extends the two-dimensional rolling contact solution to three-dimensional contacts. To form FaStrip, the original strip theory is amended to obtain accurate estimations for any contact ellipse size and it is combined by a numerical algorithm to handle spin. The comparison between the two algorithms shows that using FaStrip improves the accuracy of the estimated shear stress distribution and the creep force estimation in all studied cases. In combined lateral creepage and spin cases, for instance, the error in force estimation reduces from 18% to less than 2%. The estimation of the slip velocities in the slip zone, needed for wear analysis, is also studied. Since FaStrip is as fast as FASTSIM, it can be an alternative for tangential solution of the wheel–rail contact in simulation packages.     

轴力作用下T节点焊缝周围的平均应力分布

平均应力模型法是评价海洋平台中管节点疲劳寿命的一种方法,这种方法认为节点的疲劳寿命是由热点应力幅值和焊缝周围的应力分布确定的。管节点焊缝周围应力分布通过一个平均应力分布参数AVS描述。本文研究了轴力作用下T节点的AVS大小,通过对127个不同几何参数的T节点模型的计算,调查了几何参数对AVS的影响,提出了用于计算AVS的参数方程,从而完善了传统的平均应力模型,为轴力作用下T节点的疲劳寿命计算提供了一种快速而高效的方法。     

基于矩不确定分布鲁棒优化的船舶舱室布局设计

船舶舱室布局所涉的评价指标通常具有不确定性,诸如环境载荷等参数通常以不确定性的随机变量形式参与计算,且其概率分布的期望及方差等指标往往也是不确定的。本文采用矩不确定分布鲁棒优化方法,解决含矩不确定参数的船舶舱室布局min-max优化问题。将各舱室的全局位置参数、相对位置参数和质量分布参数加权整合为目标函数,建立全船范围内的舱室布局DRO-MU优化模型,采用拉格朗日对偶原理将其转为确定的半定规划问题以便求解。算例验证了本文方法的合理性与优越性,该方法针对性地用于解决含矩不确定参数的船舶舱室布局问题具有鲜明特点。     

支撑参数对船舶轴系-轴承-基座系统振动特性影响研究

针对支撑参数改变轴系振动特性问题,建立轴系-轴承-基座系统分析模型,研究轴承支撑刚度、基座支撑刚度等支撑参数对系统振动固有特性、振动传递特性的影响规律,并提出轴系减振设计参数控制方向。分析结果表明：轴系横向振动模态频率对轴承刚度、基座刚度在某些区间较为敏感;轴系横向振动部分稳定模态频率不随支撑参数改变;螺旋桨轴承强基座刚度、弱轴承刚度,有利于降低螺旋桨横向激励力通过轴系向螺旋桨轴承的传递;舱内油润滑轴承支撑参数改变对降低螺旋桨轴承处的振动传递影响较小。     

路面不平度的分形分级参数研究

根据路面不平度的现有分级标准,采用傅里叶逆变换的方法模拟8个等级路面不平度高程数据,计算路面不平度的分形参数,提出路面不平度的分形分级参数.计算分析结果表明,傅里叶逆变换方法模拟的各级路面分形维数均在1.60左右,差别很小,表现出明显的自相似性;路面不平度指数结合了路面不平度的传统的统计特征参数与分形维数,因而更适合路面不平度的分级;路面不平度指数随功率谱密度的增大而增大,且由高级到低级呈明显增大趋势,路面不平度等级越差,路面不平度指数越大.     

船体外板水火成型工艺参数预报系统设计与实现

为解决船体双曲度外板水火加工成型自动化问题,设计了船体外板水火成型工艺参数预报系统,并得以实现.该系统针对船体外板的设计和生产加工需要,设计了船体外板精确展开计算、水火弯板变形规律数学模型、船体外板水火加工焰道布置优化,船体外板加工用见通数据计算、与Tribon系统的集成连接、系统工程数据库等功能模块,根据系统结构设计流程,应用Visual Basic6.0软件开发了船体外板水火成型工艺参数预报系统.     

Short wavelength rail corrugation and non-steady-state contact mechanics

J. J. Kalker has been the first to consider non-steady-state or transient contact mechanics. Based on Kalker the second author developed a linear contact model for the non-steady-state rolling contact of a wheel running over slightly corrugated rails. The theoretical investigations are concentrated on linear, non-steady-state contact mechanics superimposed to a nonlinear reference state. The reference state is given by the running behaviour of a wheelset due to traction, curving or hunting. For the linear, non-steady-state analysis Kalker's theory has to be modified to predict wear rates in dependency of the corrugation wavelengths. As a result corrugations are only amplified in the range between 2 and 10 cm. Therefore, non-steady-state contact mechanics and wear are responsible for a wavelength fixing mechanism. Structural mechanics of the rail indicate that wavelength in this range is predominantly amplified.     

Measurement of Swarm Parameters of c-C4F8/CO2 and Its Insulation Characteristics Analysis

In c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures, the swarm parameters including ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient and effective ionization coefficient were obtained at the ratio of the electric field strength to the gas density between 150-550 Td by the steady-state Townsend (SST) method. Static breakdown voltages at each ratio were also measured at the SST condition. The limiting field strengths were obtained by two methods:computing the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient as a function of the overall density-reduced electric field strength; and measuring static breakdown voltages as a function of the product of gas density and electrode separation. Good agreement was obtained by these two methods, which ensures the correctness of the former method. The limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures were compared with those ofpure SF6, SF6/CO2 mixtures and pure c-C4Fs. It is found that buffer gas CO2 does not reduce the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 greatly, the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are higher than those of SF6/CO2 mixtures or even pure SF6, and so c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are suggested to be possible substitutes for SF6.     

Singularly perturbed solution for nonlinear equations of fourth order with two parameters

A class of singularly perturbed boundary value problem for nonlinear equation of fourth order with two parameters is considered. Under suitable conditions, the existence and asymptotic behavior of solution for boundary value problem are studied using theory of differential inequalities.