浅谈速度管理的新理念和新技术

速度是道路安全的关键因素之一,超速与不合理的行驶速度对道路安全产生很大影响,使得速度管理成为一个重要且有挑战性的领域。目前,速度管理是通过道路设计设定速度限制并执行这些限制来完成。传统的速度管理方法在减少碰撞风险及事故伤亡方面取得积极的成效,但也有其局限性。利用现代技术能够使速度限制实施的更加有效。在传统方法的基础上,先提出了两种新的理念,即交通平息理论和容错的安全理念,接着提出将三种新技术,即自适应巡航控制、智能速度辅助系统和可变限速系统,应用于速度管理中,促进速度管理更加有效地实施。     

舰船方位变化规律灰预测及聚类分析研究

舰船方位序列是一种带有灰色信息的时间序列,灰色系统理论是处理灰色信息的有力武器.文章在分析和阐述灰色系统理论的基础上,将其应用到舰船目标纯方位定位和要素解算领域,解决了传统的困扰解算目标运动要素的一些难点;提出了一些新的概念和方法,如目标方位序列集的概念和采用以某一方位为间隔的各方位区间的方位值数量作为灰色聚类中的灰聚类因子的方法,既可以有效区分不同方位序列集的分类,还能据此反演得到目标速度、航向以及位置信息的大概范围.     

快速公交系统通行能力计算方法研究

快速公交系统的通行能力是由瓶颈车站决定的.首先分析了车站通行能力的基本原理和主要影响因素,并基于排队论构造了单一停靠位通行能力的计算模型.同时,根据北京、杭州和昆明三地快速公交系统(公交专用道)的实际运营状况对模型参数进行了详细地标定和说明,提出缩短公交车平均停靠时间和改善系统运营稳定性是提升通行能力的重要途径.在此基础上,以北京市南中轴路快速公交为例,说明了模型的应用方法,并定量分析了各种因素对通行能力的影响.最后,对多停靠位车站的周转效率变化规律进行了分析,提出了其通行能力的计算方法.     

纯电动汽车构造与维修课程理实一体化教学改革与实践

文章针对新能源汽车技术专业课程教学中存在理论教学与实践教学脱节、难以有效衔接的问题,在纯电动汽车构造与维修核心课程推行理实一体化教学改革,并提出了教学内容与岗位工作任务、教学环境与岗位条件、教学过程与工作过程、校企角色转化"四个对接"教学改革思路。基于职教云平台构建线上与线下结合的理实一体化互动教学,通过建设专业一体化教学区域、双师型教学团队、课程考核评价体系为课改保驾护航,从而促进学生故障分析、维修计划制定以及实车维修的综合应用能力的培养。     

论列宁的绝对真理观

列宁在批判和继承前人对真理认识的基础上,提出了“绝对真理是由发展中的相对真理的总和构成的”论断,随后发展为真理是个过程的思想。列宁不仅肯定了绝对真理的存在,而且把绝对真理看作一个过程,这一思想深刻体现着马克思主义唯物辩证法和认识论思想,已经被无产阶级革命实践确证为马克思主义真理观的新发展。     

Influence of the residential and work environment on car use in dual-earner households

This paper analyses whether the decision to commute by car is influenced by built environment characteristics of residential neighbourhoods and, more especially, of work locations, taking into account interdependencies between household partners. It shows that the residential environment only affects car use among single-earners. Conversely, for all commuters, but in particular for dual-earners, characteristics of the work location affect whether they commute by car. Even in dual-earner households with two cars, work environment plays a role. We found that in cases of dual-earners with only one car, the partners with the longest commuting distances and the lowest density work locations are most likely to commute by car. Moreover, in households with young children, men are more inclined to leave the car at home. Other features relating to work also affect car commuting, including work flexibility and, especially, possession of a company car. We conclude that future policies aimed at reducing car use should place greater focus on work factors.     

A combined use of microscopic traffic simulation and extreme value methods for traffic safety evaluation

This paper proposes a combined usage of microscopic traffic simulation and Extreme Value Theory (EVT) for safety evaluation. Ten urban intersections in Fengxian District in Shanghai were selected in the study and three calibration strategies were applied to develop simulation models for each intersection: a base strategy with fundamental data input, a semi-calibration strategy adjusting driver behavior parameters based on Measures of Effectiveness (MOE), and a full-calibration strategy altering driver behavior parameters by both MOE and Measures of Safety (MOS). SSAM was used to extract simulated conflict data from vehicle trajectory files from VISSIM and video-based data collection was introduced to assist trained observers to collect field conflict data. EVT-based methods were then employed to model both simulated/field conflict data and derive the Estimated Annual Crash Frequency (EACF), used as Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM). PET was used for EVT measurement for three conflict types: crossing, rear-end, and lane change. EACFs based on three simulation calibration strategies were compared with field-based EACF, conventional SSM based on Traffic Conflict Techniques (TCT), and actual crash frequency, in terms of direct correlation, rank correlation, and prediction accuracy. The results showed that, MOS should be considered during simulation model calibration and EACF based on the full-calibration strategy appeared to be a better choice for simulation-based safety evaluation, compared to other candidate safety measures. In general, the combined usage of microscopic traffic simulation and EVT is a promising tool for safety evaluation.     

Time-dependent drivers’ merging behavior model in work zone merging areas

This study investigates the drivers’ merging behavior in work zone merging areas during the entire merging implementation period from the time of starting a merging maneuver to that of completing the maneuver. With the actual work zone merging traffic data, we propose a time-dependent logistic regression model considering the possible time-varying effects of influencing factors, and a standard logistic regression model for the purpose of model comparison. Model comparison results show that the time-dependent model performs better than the standard model because the former can provide higher prediction accuracy. The time-dependent model results show that seven factors exhibit time-varying effects on the drivers’ merging behavior, including merging vehicle speed, through lane lead vehicle speed and through lane lag vehicle speed, longitudinal gap between the merging and lead vehicles, longitudinal gap between the merging and through lane lead vehicles, types of through lane lead and through lane lag vehicles. Interestingly, both the through lane lead vehicle speed and the through lane lag vehicle speed are found to exhibit heterogeneous effects at different times of the merging implementation period. One important finding from this study is that the merging vehicle has a decreasing willingness to take the choice of “complete a merging maneuver” as the elapsed time increases if the through lane lead vehicle is a heavy vehicle.     

LCI型路缘石自动成型机

LCI型路缘石自动成型机是一种利用沥青混合料修筑道路路缘的专用设备。本文主要介绍了该机工作原理、技术参数、结构设计、沥青混合料的配制及施工工艺。     

非平衡等离子体改善柴油机排放的研究

柴油机在应用中,最大的问题是其微粒物和NOx的排放较多,寻找一种可行的技术来实现同时降低其微粒物和NOx已经成为目前柴油机排放研究中急需解决的问题。等离子体技术以其对NOx突出的净化效果成为目前国内外各研究机构的研究重点。本文在通过对等离子体理论及其反应机理进行分析的基础上,采用湿式针板电晕放电反应器结合旋转火花隙开关式高压脉冲电源的试验方案,来探讨非平衡等离子体改善柴油机排放的规律。