变截面钢板弹簧梯形叶片的斜面位置分析

梯形变截面钢板弹簧具有轧制的线形简单、对设备要求不高等优点。将梯形截面与抛物线截面进行对比分析，以梯形叶片的斜面与抛物线相切为基础，以切点在材料利用最充分处、端部、根部为重点，分析了梯形叶片在不同位置时的端部厚度、斜面的水平长度、梯形叶片与抛物线叶片的质量比，其结果对梯形叶片的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

公路建设项目对生态环境影响及保护对策

针对高速公路建设项目的特点,从选取生态因子入手,采取定量分析的手段,研究高速公路建设对生态环境和景观的影响程度。结果表明:用8个生态因子进行生态环境影响综合评价,能够反映公路建设对生态环境的综合影响程度,并且具有计算简单和直观的效果。综合看来,这些定量方法对评价生态和景观受影响的程度效果较好。     

高速公路边坡野外模拟冲刷试验研究

公路边坡防护的抗冲刷能力是评价和选择防护类型的重要指标之一,而这方面的研究,尤其是定量研究为数不多。为了定量比较目前几种常用路堤边坡防护型式抗冲刷能力,课题组设计了人工降雨装置,对连徐高速公路邳州段防护工程与美化设计试验段的防护型式实施野外人工降雨模拟冲刷试验,通过试验观测,得到了一些有益的数据和结论,可供今后高速公路边坡防护合理设计参考。     

CM模式在我国城市轨道交通项目管理中的应用

为探索城市轨道交通建设项目管理模式,本文在揭示了目前城市轨道工程特点及存在主要矛盾的基础上,介绍了新型CM建设管理模式的特征和优点;分析了在我国城市轨道交通建设领域采用CM模式的必要性和可行性,提出了推行CM模式的相应方案和步骤。     

基于专家系统和证据理论的路面破损原因评价方法研究

路面破损原因评价是一项经验性很强的工作,通过采用专家系统技术,利用路面养护专家经验和知识形成产生式规则,并对单处路面破损原因进行评价。根据对单处路面破损原因的评价结果中也包含了导致整个路段路面破损主要原因的信息这一特点,介绍了引入证据理论将这方面信息提取出来,合成得出对整个路段的主要破损原因评价的方法。     

GPR在高速公路隧道掘进中掌子面前方岩体结构超前预报工作中的应用

以上(海)瑞(丽)高速公路湖南境内邵(阳)-怀(化)段芭蕉溪隧道掘进中掌子面前方岩体结构的超前预报为例,通过地质雷达(GPR)探测,结合TSP203探测以及开挖掌子面的详细地质素描等工作,可以实时、详细、准确地了解开挖掌子面前方的岩体结构情况,为施工单位合理安排施工作业进度、减少工程隐患提供科学依据。     

尼铁现代化项目中矩形空心桥台的优化设计

当前常用的时速200 km的铁路矩形空心桥台参考图中的桥台截面尺寸偏厚,安全富余量很大。为节约混凝土圬工量,希望在保证安全的前提下减少桥台截面尺寸。首先提出专门针对铁路矩形空心桥台台身截面计算的荷载图示,然后利用这一新的图示对拉伊铁路项目中使用的常规矩形空心桥台进行有限元分析,经过不断试算提出最优的截面尺寸。在钢筋用量基本不变的情况下,新尺寸桥台较原参考图中桥台的混凝土用量减少10%以上。对于项目所在地尼日利亚国水泥价格高昂的情况而言,桥台尺寸的这一优化将产生较大的经济效益。     

Air traffic assignment to reduce population noise exposure using activity-based approach

Aircraft noise has been regarded as one of the major environmental issues related to air transport. Many airports have introduced a variety of measures to reduce its impact. Several air traffic assignment strategies have been proposed in order to allocate noise more wisely. Even though each decision regarding the assignment of aircraft to routes should consider population exposure to noise, none of the air traffic assignment strategies has addressed daily migrations of population and number of people exposed to noise. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm that could assign aircraft to departure and arrival routes so that number of people exposed to noise is as low as possible, taking into account temporal and spatial variations in population in an airport’s vicinity. The approach was demonstrated on Belgrade airport to show the benefits of the proposed model. Numerical example showed that population exposure to noise could be reduced significantly by applying the proposed air traffic assignment model. As a consequence of the proposed air traffic assignment, overall fuel consumption increased by less than 1%.     

Analysis of cross effect on inherent deformation during the line heating process – Part 1 – Single crossed heating lines

This paper describes the effect of previous heating on inherent deformation by a subsequent heating line, more specifically, the case of two heating lines intersecting (crossing) each other. The paper has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the case of single crossed heating lines is studied in detail. The second part of the paper, discusses the case of more than one crossed heating lines. The novelty of the work lies in revealing the cross effect and how, factors such as, for example, the heating condition and the plate geometry, influence the resulting inherent deformation of crossed heating. In addition, relationships to easily get these influences are provided. The results are suitable for a wide range of heating conditions and plate thickness.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road construction: An assessment of alternative staging approaches

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with road construction activities are analyzed. The main focus of this analysis is on the vehicle emissions associated with alternative project staging approaches, specifically a full closure of the road during construction, versus an intermittent road closure. The analysis includes the direct and upstream emissions associated with materials, construction equipment, mobilization of resources to the work site, and maintenance activity associated with the project over its lifetime. The analysis is based on one case study of a road project in New Jersey. The assumptions underlying the staging analysis are based on hypothetical approaches. Results provide an assessment of the main sources of project related emissions and the ability to minimize total project emissions by minimizing traffic disruption. In the analysis with a full closure of the road, traffic disruption accounts for 26% of total emissions, while with an intermittent road closure, traffic disruption accounts for only 2% of total emissions. The other main sources are from materials and life-cycle maintenance. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of minimizing project related GHG emissions during road construction activities.