Does the increase of public transit fares deteriorate air quality in Beijing?

Since 2006, Beijing lowered its public transit fares as a way to improve air quality. However, Beijing increased public transportation fare prices from December 28, 2014, and commuters pay for the distance they traveled rather than a flat fare. This paper explores the effect of Beijing public transit fares increase on air quality. We collect daily data of air pollution and weather variables and use synthetic control method of Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) to select control units. We then estimate a difference-in-differences model and assess the effect of the policy on air quality index (AQI). We find a 16.28% increase in air pollution in short run. However, we find no longer-run effect on air quality.     

改进R-D算法的ISAR成像仿真研究

在逆合成孔径雷达成像中,距离多普勒算法以其效率高占据了重要的地位。但基本R-D算法要求成像目标转角小,而且存在目标图像横向分辨率低等不足。本文在研究ISAR成像转台模型的基础上,采用脉冲压缩技术、插值技术、极坐标格式、后阈值处理技术以及加权技术改进R-D成像算法。同时对大转角情况下的目标进行成像。算法对二维目标由110个散射点组成的飞机模型进行仿真。仿真结果表明算法的有效性。     

Determining optimal inland-empty-container depot locations under stochastic demand

Maritime freight volumes fluctuate with changes in consumer demand and global economies. In this paper we analyze the stochasticity in the container trade volumes and perform a two-stage stochastic analysis with recourse to determine an optimal set of inland depots to be opened within a 10-year time horizon. The work builds on our previous effort that introduced the concept of an ‘Inland-Depots-for-Empty-Containers’ (IDEC) system for effective regional repositioning of empty containers. We evaluate the proposed approach by performing a case study based on the port region of New York/New Jersey. Results obtained demonstrate greater expected benefit from the proposed approach as compared to the corresponding deterministic or single-stage stochastic models.     

列车空调机组变工况动态仿真研究

铁路列车用单元式空调机组的设计与房间空调器不同,必须考虑其工作条件的特殊性。采用现代产品研发过程中的计算机仿真手段对制冷工质为R410A的新型单元式空调机组进行变工况下动态模拟及性能预测,以期部分替代真实物理实验。研究结果表明:R410A制冷剂应用于列车空调系统,应注意其工作压力高、系统匹配改进等问题。仿真过程中制冷压缩机转数或者外界温度改变时,列车空调制冷系统各项热力参数及COP均变化明显,可以为机组的合理设计提供相关参考。     

平面2R机器人机构混沌运动的控制

应用混沌控制方法中的周期扰动参数方法有效地控制了平面2R机器人机构中的混沌运动．在周期扰动参数控制法中，外扰周期信号的频率和振幅是混沌控制成功与否的关键．通过计算系统的最大Lyapunov指数的符号与频率或振幅的关系，可以选取适当的频率和振幅，将系统的混沌运动转化为规则的周期运动．     

北京市停车换乘需求调查与分析

停车换乘（Park＆Ride,简称P＆R）作为一种交通出行模式,在许多国外城市被采用。目前,我国北京市、上海市等城市均进行了停车换乘设施的规划和试点。本文基于对北京市天通苑北和巴沟两个停车换乘点的停车换乘需求调查,分析比较了停车换乘需求特性,结果表明：天通苑北和巴沟的机动车和非机动车驶入停车场的高峰时段均为早上7：00...     

北京市轨道交通乘客出行方式选择分析

轨道交通作为城市公共交通的一种承担方式,近年来在大城市公共交通中扮演着越来越重要的角色,因此对轨道交通乘客出行方式选择的分析显得尤为重要. 本文通过对北京地铁5号线进行乘客问卷调查,掌握乘客到离轨道交通系统的方式选择规律及客流空间分布规律. 研究结论主要有：选择步行方式换乘客流量是最大的,客流主要来自直接服务区,选择常规公交换乘轨道交通的比例次之,选择小汽车出行的人一般都是驾车到有条件的车站进行P+R换乘. 在上述数据分析的基础上,提出了轨道交通系统在规划设计上尽可能根据站点的吸引范围及区域特征实现地面公交、自行车、步行、出租车、私家车等与地铁的近距离换乘.     

工业纯锆焊缝金相组织和力学性能

为了研究工业纯锆在焊缝不同区域的分布、金相组织和力学性能之间的关系,采用TIG方法焊接锆R60702工业纯锆板对接焊缝,采用光学显微镜、电子探针和显微硬度计等仪器,分析焊缝母材区、热影响区、熔合区和焊缝区的金相组织、机械性能和元素分布特性.研究结果表明:对接接头各区域的组织不同,母材区的晶粒为等轴状,呈面织构;不完全重结晶区的晶粒亦为等轴状,而且更细于母材晶粒,因而强度、塑性优良;过热区的晶粒则较粗大;焊缝区组织为铸态晶粒,形状为纤维状;对接接头各区的元素分布较为均匀,没有明显的偏析现象;焊接接头的硬度呈W型分布,最高硬度分布在焊缝区达到290 HV50 g,最低硬度分布在不完全重结晶区,达到162 HV50 g,过热区则介于母材区与焊缝区之间.      

Valuing casualty risk reductions from estimated baseline risk

Stated choice studies have been applied regularly to the valuation of time savings and other attributes of travelling as perceived by individuals. In such experiments, respondents often provide reference levels for the attributes and the hypothetical choices presented to them are pivoted around actual behaviour. However, most individuals are not able to provide reference levels for the number of casualties on the road they travel. Thus, if valuation of this important element is attempted, it is the researcher who must provide casualty risk reference levels to the respondents. Some studies have applied route choice experiments including a safety attribute but the majority has been limited to only one particular road section with a common baseline risk for all respondents.     

浅谈广梧高速公路软弱围岩双跨连拱隧道施工工艺

通过正涌软弱围岩双跨连拱隧道的施工,阐述了应用三导洞C．R．D的方法,开挖掘进连拱隧道中隔墙、边墙,半断面开挖正洞,先墙后拱二次衬砌的施工工艺体会。