汽车主动悬架系统建模及其控制策略研究

介绍了一种主动悬架系统的建模，该系统是由液压作动器与一个普通弹簧串联后，再与被动阻尼器并联构成。其通常又被称作慢主动悬架。并应用SIMULINK语言仿真，确定了实际可行的输出反馈方案。     

商用车电液复合转向系统的车道保持策略

为了提高商用车的行驶安全性,避免因驾驶人的分心驾驶出现车辆偏离车道的问题,提出一种基于电液复合转向系统的商用车车道保持策略;在建立电液复合转向系统模型、二自由度车辆模型、预瞄驾驶人模型的基础上,设计基于驾驶人在环的MPC和ADRC串级的车道保持控制策略。首先,采用MPC算法将车辆横向位置控制的最优问题转化为二次规划求得目标前轮转角;然后,考虑电液复合转向系统的不确定和干扰问题,利用ADRC算法对目标转向盘转角和实际驾驶人的转向盘转角差值以转矩信号的形式进行补偿。同时研究车道保持系统对驾驶人的干预问题,引入干预系数的概念,采用模糊控制的方法,将驾驶人手力和车辆的运动状态作为输入变量,干预系数作为输出变量,保证整车行驶安全性的前提下减小车道保持辅助系统对驾驶人的干预。最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和硬件在环试验对所设计的控制策略进行验证。研究结果表明：所设计的基于商用车电液复合转向系统的车道保持策略能够及时地纠正因驾驶人的分心驾驶而导致车辆偏离所在行驶车道的行为,特别是在弯道处出现驾驶人转向不足或过度转向的情况时,能够将车辆维持在车道线之内,保证车辆的行驶安全性,同时由于干预系数的设计,使得驾驶人也有良好的人机交互体验感。     

Integrated control of ground vehicles dynamics via advanced terminal sliding mode control

An integrated vehicle dynamics control (IVDC) algorithm, developed for improving vehicle handling and stability under critical lateral motions, is discussed in this paper. The IVDC system utilises integral and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control strategies and coordinates active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) systems. When the vehicle is in the normal driving situation, the AFS system provides handling enhancement. If the vehicle reaches its handling limit, both AFS and DYC are then integrated to ensure the vehicle stability. The major contribution of this paper is in improving the transient response of the vehicle yaw rate and sideslip angle tracking controllers by implementing advanced types of sliding mode strategies, namely integral terminal sliding mode and NFTSM, in the IVDC system. Simulation results demonstrate that the developed control algorithm for the IVDC system not only has strong robustness against uncertainties but also improves the transient response of the control system.     

A study on single lane-change manoeuvres for determining rearward amplification of multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

The Society of Automotive Engineers issued a test procedure, SAE-J2179, to determine the rearward amplification (RA) of multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles (MTAHVs). Built upon the procedure, the International Organization for Standardization released the test manoeuvres, ISO-14791, for evaluating directional performance of MTAHVs. For the RA measures, ISO-14791 recommends two single lane-change manoeuvres: (1) an open-loop procedure with a single sine-wave steering input; and (2) a closed-loop manoeuvre with a single sine-wave lateral acceleration input. For an articulated vehicle with active trailer steering (ATS), the RA measure in lateral acceleration under the open-loop manoeuvre was not in good agreement with that under the closed-loop manoeuvre. This observation motivates the research on the applicability of the two manoeuvres for the RA measures of MTAHVs with ATS. It is reported that transient response under the open-loop manoeuvre often leads to asymmetric curve of tractor lateral acceleration [Winkler CB, Fancher PS, Bareket Z, Bogard S, Johnson G, Karamihas S, Mink C. Heavy vehicle size and weight – test procedures for minimum safety performance standards. Final technical report, NHTSA, US DOT, contract DTNH22-87-D-17174, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Report No. UMTRI-92-13; 1992]. To explore the effect of the transient response, a multiple cycle sine-wave steering input (MCSSI) manoeuvre is proposed. Simulation demonstrates that the steady-state RA measures of an MTAHV with and without ATS under the MCSSI manoeuvre are in excellent agreement with those under the closed-loop manoeuvre. It is indicated that between the two manoeuvres by ISO-14791, the closed-loop manoeuvre is more applicable for determining the RA measures of MTAHVs with ATS.     

深水钻井波浪补偿装置总体技术研究

波浪补偿装置是深水钻井平台和钻井船必不可少的核心设备,文章研究了波浪补偿装置的总体关键技术,首先根据高海情海况要求构建目标平台,确定钻井工况,然后完成总体环境载荷分析、平台运动响应分析、原理性设计、总体及分系统技术参数设计等研究工作,最终形成了高海情工况下的完整研究方案,形成了钻井波浪补偿装置总体技术较为全面的研究成果。     

Evaluating transportation programs: neglected principles

This article provides guidance for the effectiveness evaluation of transportation programs. It discusses the importance of determining the significance of changes in outcome measures before versus after implementation of transportation programs. The article reviews common weaknesses in example evaluations, and points to remedies, including structuring controls to help determine the effects of transportation programs, and applying readily available statistical tests to determine the significance of measured outcomes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

现代有轨电车主动信号优先模型研究

为了提高现代有轨电车运行效率,在道路平交路口处实施信号优先是应用最为普遍的方法。对现代有轨电车通过交叉口时形成的离散交通流,提出了其特定的延误公式,构建了以人总延误的减小量为参考指标的主动优先效益模型,并通过判断效益模型的结果是否为正来决定能否采取主动优先控制策略。以武汉市东湖高新区的现代有轨电车T1线为例,对模型进行仿真分析与验证。结果表明,与常规信号控制策略相比,主动信号优先具备更好的控制效果;与绿灯提前控制策略相比,绿灯延长策略的效果更加显著。     

浅谈有线通信设备防雷击

分析了雷击对通讯设备的危害,以及通讯设备遭受雷击的原因并提出防雷击的措施。     

质量缺陷的避免和处理

根据施工现场的具体情况,从施工方案、加强试验和控制施工关键部位等方面提出了避免质量缺陷及发生质量缺陷后的处理方法。     

合阳大桥拱肋安装结构受力分析及施工控制

通过合阳嘉陵江大桥拱肋安装阶段的结构受力分析和施工吊装过程中各参数的监测和调整,说明施工控制技术在大跨径钢管砼拱桥施工安全上以及保证桥梁的设计线形等方面所起到的重要作用.