����֧���������ij����������ʶ���о�

基于支持向量机理论对出行链活动类型的识别方法进行了研究. 首先对居民出行的时间序列位置信息做数据预处理,提取出行链的出行过程和活动地点信息,并结合地理信息系统（GIS）提取活动的备选类型;然后从出行链和活动的时间和空间因素提取活动类型识别的特征,形成特征向量作为分类器的输入,并建立基于支持向量机的两两分类器,采用分类器投票的方法从备选集中选择活动的类型;最后利用模拟数据和交叉验证的方法对两两分类器进行训练检验,分别从高斯径向机核函数和多层感知器核函数的角度分析活动类型识别率. 结果表明：在两两分类中,高斯径向机核函数的最高识别率为99%,最低识别率为62%;多层感知器核函数的最高识别率为97%,最低识别率为54%.     

基于支持向量机的出行链活动类型识别研究

基于支持向量机理论对出行链活动类型的识别方法进行了研究. 首先对居民出行的时间序列位置信息做数据预处理,提取出行链的出行过程和活动地点信息,并结合地理信息系统（GIS）提取活动的备选类型;然后从出行链和活动的时间和空间因素提取活动类型识别的特征,形成特征向量作为分类器的输入,并建立基于支持向量机的两两分类器,采用分类器投票的方法从备选集中选择活动的类型;最后利用模拟数据和交叉验证的方法对两两分类器进行训练检验,分别从高斯径向机核函数和多层感知器核函数的角度分析活动类型识别率. 结果表明：在两两分类中,高斯径向机核函数的最高识别率为99%,最低识别率为62%;多层感知器核函数的最高识别率为97%,最低识别率为54%.     

语言交际能力培养在航海英语口语教学中的实施

航海英语口语教学的现状偏离了培养学生语言交际能力的宗旨.本文从阐述语言交际能力的定义入手,分析培养语言交际能力的途径和手段,并结合航海英语的特点,提出在课堂环境中,培养语言交际能力的实施方法.     

Preliminary study on Salvia miltiorrhiza bung endophytic fungus

Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung. Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy, living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung, among which 29 strains were obtained from the root, 14 from the stem, 3 from the leaf, 3 from the flower and 1 from the seed. Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay. Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent, and five strains (DR1, DR4, DR16, DR18 and DF2) manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria. In some degree, it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out to test selected strains, both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA. The result showed that extracts from three strains, labeled as DR12 (outside cell), DR21 (inside cell) and DF3 (inside cell), had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA. The extract from DR12 (outside cell) and DR21 (inside cell) had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC. Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA, and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation. It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.     

Eukaryotic expression and biological activity analysis of neuroprotective peptide [Gly14]-Humanin

Objective To investigate the expression of neuroprotective peptide [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) in eukaryotic cells by gene engineering technique and analyze its biological activity. Methods By means of asymmetrical primer/template, double stranded cDNA of HNG with FLAG in its C-terminal was obtained, which was cloned into the plasmid pcDNA3.1(-), and the resultant recombinant vector pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was transfected into PC12 cells. At the same time, the recombinant vector pcDNA3.1(-)/EGFP was transfected to control the efficiency of transfection. The expression of HNG in the cells was determined by immunocytochemistry. In order to analyze the biological activity of the expressed HNG, 25μM Aβ25-35 peptide was added to the culture medium of the transfected cells for 24h, then cell morphology, MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were observed. Results The eukaryotic expression vector of pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. HNG was highly expressed in PC12 cells. After exposure of PC12 cells to 25μM Aβ25-35 for 24h, cell viability decreased to (65.8±5.3)%, and the dystrophic changes of neuritis and nuclei condensation were obvious. When cells were pre-transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG, Aβ25-35-induced cell death and morphological changes of cells and nuclei were suppressed. In contrast, pre-transfected with empty vector did not protect cells from Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector for FLAG-tagged HNG was successfully constructed and expressed in PC12 cells. Expressed HNG has biological activity.     

城市居民个人属性与出行方式链相关性分析

首先引出基于活动理论的出行需求预测方法,将活动—出行理论和传统的出行方式相结合,提出出行方式链的概念,并明确出行方式链的两大特性:一致性和转换性;然后阐述城市居民个人属性与出行方式链相关性分析方法,并以2006年4月上虞市的居民出行调查数据为基础,对城市居民个人属性与出行方式链之间的相关性进行实例分析;最后,说明个人属性对出行方式链的选择起着至关重要的作用。     

基于活动的交通需求计算过程模型研究综述

为适应现代城市快速发展的要求,研究人员对交通需求预测进行了广泛深入的研究,交通需求模型在建模方法和模型功能上发生了很大变化.基于活动的方法受到广泛重视,基于活动的交通需求模型研究成为热点.其中计算过程模型被认为是最有发展前景的.文中回顾了基于活动的方法的发展过程;介绍了基于活动的方法的理论基础;总结了基于活动的交通需求计算过程模型,并分析了其中4个模型的特点;探索了模型的改进途径,展望了模型的发展应用前景.     

������о�����Ϊ��TDM���Ի�����ϵ�о��ı�Ҷ˹����

综合评述了活动－出行行为研究方法和存在的问题,引入贝叶斯结构学习和参数估计方法,辅以基于活动的出行行为分析理论、非集计建模方法和SP/RP数据融合方法,提出了基于贝叶斯结构学习和参数估计方法的出行行为与TDM策略互动关系分析方法的框架,探索了改进已有研究方法的途径。研究表明,贝叶斯理论可以将居民的个人属性及隐性非样本信息在出行行为预测中充分表达,并解决MNP等复杂非集计模型的参数标定问题。将贝叶斯理论与已有的出行行为分析方法相结合,可以使出行行为预测更为精确、全面和灵活,从而更加准确地描述活动－出行决策行为与TDM策略的互动响应关系,为制定有效的TDM策略,缓解城市交通供需矛盾提供理论依据。     

建成环境对步行和自行车出行的影响--以波哥大为例

哥伦比亚波哥大以可持续的城市交通系统闻名,包括其密集的自行车道网络以及Ciclovía系统——为骑车者和行人预留的道路空间,可在星期日和节假日休闲出行使用。探讨此类设施以及建成环境的其他属性——城市密度、混合用地、可达性以及与公共交通车站的距离——如何影响步行和自行车出行行为以及Ciclovía的使用。结果表明,道路设施设计要素例如道路密度、连通性、与Ciclovía车道的距离,与体力活动相关;而建成环境的其他属性如密度和用地混合程度,对体力活动影响甚微。这可能是由于波哥大建成区的大部分街区均在非机动交通出行占绝对优势的时期演变发展——紧凑、用地混合、交通可达性水平相似。由此可见,影响非机动交通出行的因素是设施设计而非一般的街区用地属性。     

"诗可以群"的诗学理论与先秦时期的文学活动

孔子对诗的"兴观群怨"的理论,是先秦时期重要的诗歌创作理论,也是历代诗歌批评史讨论的对象,并且贯穿于历代诗歌的创作实际中.但长期以来,人们往往把"诗可以群"从"兴"、"观"、"怨"中割裂开来,导致人们忽视了"诗可以群"的诗学理论与先秦时代文学活动的关系."诗可以群"的诗学理论反映了先秦时期文学活动的集体性.这一理论为我们研究文学觉醒的时间问题提供了一个窗口.