Integrated data-driven modeling to estimate PM2.5 pollution from heavy-duty truck transportation activity over metropolitan area

Based on the national emission inventory data from different countries, heavy-duty trucks are the highest on-road PM_2.5 emitters and their representation is estimated disproportionately using current modeling methods. This study expands current understanding of the impact of heavy-duty truck movement on the overall PM_2.5 pollution in urban areas through an integrated data-driven modeling methodology that could more closely represent the truck transportation activities. A detailed integrated modeling methodology is presented in the paper to estimate urban truck related PM_2.5 pollution by using a robust spatial regression-based truck activity model, the mobile source emission and Gaussian dispersion models. In this research, finely resolved spatial–temporal emissions were calculated using bottom-up approach, where hourly truck activity and detailed truck-class specific emissions rates are used as inputs. To validate the proposed methodology, the Cincinnati urban area was selected as a case study site and the proposed truck model was used with U.S. EPA’s MOVES and AERMOD models. The heavy-duty truck released PM_2.5 pollution is estimated using observed concentrations at the urban air quality monitoring stations. The monthly air quality trend estimated using our methodology matches very well with the observed trend at two different continuous monitoring stations with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.885. Based on emission model results, it is found that 71 percent of the urban mobile-source PM_2.5 emissions are caused by trucks and also 21 percent of the urban overall ambient PM_2.5 concentrations can be attributed to trucks in Cincinnati urban area.     

高职院校在实践活动中对学生进行感恩教育探讨

开展感恩教育、培养高职生感恩之心是高职院校德育工作的重要内容之一。本文针对高职生感恩之心缺乏的种种表现,分析其成因,设计并组织各种感恩教育的实践活动,调动高职生积极主动参与到这些实践活动中来,促进高职院校德育工作目标的实现,完成学校教育立德树人的根本任务。     

The alkaline tolerance in Arabidopsis requires stabilizing microfilament partially through inactivation of PKS5 kinase

High soil pH is harmful to plant growth and development. The organization and dynamics of microfilament (MF) cytoskeleton play important roles in the plant anti-alkaline process. In the previous study,...     

Transport terminal design and passenger orientation

The objective of the internal design of a transport terminal is to minimize the disorientation and confusion of a passenger as he arrives at the terminal and desires to move towards the destination without undue loss of time. The experience of India however shows that most of the rail, bus and air terminals leave much to be desired from the human orientation point of view. To measure the passenger orientation and to enable evaluation of the terminal design an easily tractable quantitative method has recently been evolved. This paper attempts to apply it to two rail terminals in Bombay and to compute some indices to serve as criteria for determining the level of service and suggest directions for improvement.     

Collecting a multi-dimensional three-weeks household time-use and activity diary in the Bandung Metropolitan Area,Indonesia

This paper describes a comprehensive panel data collection and analysis at household level, including detailed travel behaviour variables and comprehensive in-home and out-of-home activities, individual cognitive habits and affective behaviours, the rate of physical activity, as well as health related quality of life (QoL) information in the Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) of Indonesia. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to collect an individual’s activity diary over an extended period as it captures the multi-tasking activities and multidisciplinary factors that underlie individual activity-travel patterns in a developing country. Preliminary analyses of the collected data indicate that different beliefs, anticipated emotions, support and attachment to motorised modes significantly correlate with different groups of occupation, gender, age, activity participation, multi-tasking activities, and physical health, but not with different social and mental health. This finding highlights the reason why implementing car reduction policies in Indonesia, without breaking or changing the individual’s habits and influencing his/her attitudes have not been fruitful. The results also show that endorsing more physical activities may result in a significant reduction in the individual’s motorised mode use, whilst individuals who demonstrate a tendency to use their spare time on social activities tend to have better social health conditions. Furthermore, undertaking multi-tasking out-of-home discretionary activities positively correlates with better physical health. All these highlight the importance of properly understanding and analysing the complex mechanisms that underlie these fundamental factors that shape individual daily activity-travel patterns in developing countries. This type of multidisciplinary approach is needed to design better transport policies that will not only promote better transport conditions, but also a healthier society with a better quality of life.     

航海英语教学的主要矛盾分析及其解决方案

航海英语教学实施多年以来始终存在不如意的窘况,问题的症结在于两组主要矛盾：即航海英语教学的定性与航海英语教师的身份的矛盾;航海英语听说与阅读教学的矛盾.航海英语教师应在充分认识到自身身份和责任的基础上,提高个人的专业英语教学和科研能力,使之与较强的听说读写译的语言能力相结合,进一步完善大学英语教学的全过程;认识并理顺通过阅读教学传授语言知识,通过听说实践提高学生的表达技能的关系,使学生的阅读和听说能力得到有机的双向提高.     

Enablers and Barriers to the Adoption of Alternatively Powered Buses

Abstract

This paper seeks to identify enablers and barriers that stimulate or prevent the adoption of alternatively powered buses (APBs) in cities. The research method concentrates on an in‐depth analysis of 21 European demonstration case studies of APBs. Considerable differences exist between these cities due to the different reference situation. The type of measurement and the situation in the demonstration cities influence the exact fuel consumption and emission reduction. Variables that could enable the adoption of all types of APBs are: (1) the compatibility with previously introduced ideas; (2) the already available necessary supporting infrastructure in the city; (3) a changed external appearance of the APB; (4) the acceptance of the APBs by passengers and bus drivers; and (5) political support in the city regarding the APBs. The main variables that could be determined as barriers are: the relative economic advantage (the outline of costs is higher than that of conventional buses); and the understanding of the APB for bus drivers and mechanics (because special training is needed for both groups).     

对欧美建筑行业职业安全健康管理模式的理解与思考

研究目的:欧美等发达国家对职业安全健康的监督管理工作起步较早,其法律法规相对比较完善,政府、社会中介以及企业的监管体系相对比较健全,运作模式比较成熟,因此对其管理模式进行研究,对于我国加强职业安全健康监管工作具有很强的借鉴意义。研究方法:作者在实地考察的基础上,对德国、英国、美国等国家建筑行业的职业安全健康管理模式进行了系统的介绍、分析与对比,就如何提高我国建筑施工安全生产、劳动卫生管理工作进行探索与思考。研究结果:我国建筑行业职业安全健康监督管理工作与西方发达国家比,尚存在一定的差距,有待于进一步规范与提高。研究结论:政府要通过政策引导,强化政府监督职能,弱化管理职能;扶持中介机构发育,发挥其中介服务职能;规范建筑市场,落实职业安全健康专项费用;提高全民素质,加强全社会安全生产意识。     

海洋中硫酸盐还原细菌抗菌活性研究

研究了严格厌氧的海洋硫酸盐还原细菌类群的抗菌活性,从大连海域的5个不同采样地共采集、分离获得70个纯硫酸盐还原菌菌株,其中10个菌株经抗菌模型筛选具有不同的抗菌活性;活性菌株的比例占到了14%,表明硫酸盐还原菌这一严格厌氧的微生物类群具有重要的药用开发潜力;7个活性菌株鉴定为脱硫弧菌属（genus Desulfovibrio）.     

青藏铁路格拉段防雷接地技术的研究

青藏铁路格拉段是世界上海拔最高的高原铁路，雷击过电压保护面临高原和冻土两大难题。针对雷击过电压的影响因素，在分析格拉段雷暴活动情况及沿线高原冻土地区地质特点的基础上，提出铁路沿线防雷接地工程的实施办法。结合高原冻土地区的特点，探讨了格拉段防雷接地技术的新思路和急需解决的问题。