基于活动识别的公交出行行为重构与分析

摸清城市居民的公交通勤出行规律特征,可以更好的为公交运营管理提供支撑.通过挖掘IC卡数据获取公交出行信息是出行行为分析的新手段.根据以活动为基础的出行分析理论,提出以活动区域属性判别为核心的公交出行重构分析方法.通过对公交出行的起讫站点进行空间聚类分析,获取居民的主要活动区域;基于居民多日出行信息及相应出行特征指标,分别对居民的居住和工作区域进行识别;根据出行目的地区域的活动属性,对公交出行链进行重构.以广州市为例,对居民公交出行特征规律进行实证分析.     

基于CRISP-DM的交通大数据分析方法及实践——以重庆市手机信令数据和RFID数据为例

随着交通大数据研究及应用日益广泛,其中存在的问题也越来越明显。很多分析结论存在概念模糊、数据质量不确定、分析方法不清晰等问题,导致分析结果经不起推敲,也缺乏可比性。究其主要原因是未能形成科学的大数据分析方法和统一的分析标准。提出基于CRISP-DM的交通大数据分析方法,包括目标要求、数据理解、数据准备、数据建模、模型验证、工程化应用(部署)6个阶段。结合重庆市交通大数据平台建设实践,以手机信令数据和车辆RFID数据为例,详细阐述数据理解、数据建模和模型验证三个重要步骤的具体做法,探索如何实现交通大数据分析的标准化、指标化和透明化。     

思小高速公路野象谷段路域亚洲象活动规律

为了有效保障思小高速公路野象谷段运营安全及路域亚洲象种群生态完整性,于2018年4月10日至2019年10月18日对该路段亚洲象（Elephas maximus）经常活动的4个区域布设20台红外相机进行监测,研究该路域亚洲象的活动规律。结果显示,亚洲象对高速公路桥梁和隧道周边的生境均有利用,日活动节律最频繁的时间段是夜间和黄昏,季节活动节律高峰是1月至7月,其中3月份的活动程度最高。研究表明,亚洲象对高速公路没有明显的回避行为,但监测区内人为干扰对亚洲象的日活动节律影响比较严重;季节活动节律与雨季和旱季的气候特征相关。目前中国境内发生的车辆与亚洲象直接相撞事故较少,考虑未来交通网络发展对亚洲象生境的间接影响,建议在该地区开展交通基础设施规划时,将亚洲象及其生境作为专项内容进行评价,评价结果纳入规划的参考因素。     

迁居对家庭日常活动—出行行为交互机理的影响

居住地是家庭成员日常活动的主要起讫点,迁居会导致家庭日常生活空间重组,进而成为影响成员活动安排和出行模式的关键因素.本文以迁居家庭为研究对象,分别从个体和家庭两个层面分析迁居前后日常活动—出行行为的调整变化,以揭示家庭成员间的交互模式及其内在机理.研究表明:迁居对成员活动—出行行为的影响首先体现在通勤模式调整上,其次是在家务分担上.具体来说,当两个成员均受到职住错位影响时,双方在家务活动安排上交互强烈,家庭内部会通过替代或互助等互动模式来平衡通勤活动所受到的时空制约;当只有一方受到职住错位制约时,双方交互程度进一步降低,家务活动安排上表现出显著性别差异,男方较容易受通勤活动的影响而放弃承担家务活动;当双方均处于职住邻近状态时,双方交互程度最弱,家务活动常采用陪伴或联合等协作方式来完成.     

Network-oriented household activity pattern problem for system optimization

The recently emerging trend of self-driving vehicles and information sharing technologies, made available by private technology vendors, starts creating a revolutionary paradigm shift in the coming years for traveler mobility applications. By considering a deterministic traveler decision making framework at the household level in congested transportation networks, this paper aims to address the challenges of how to optimally schedule individuals’ daily travel patterns under the complex activity constraints and interactions. We reformulate two special cases of household activity pattern problem (HAPP) through a high-dimensional network construct, and offer a systematic comparison with the classical mathematical programming models proposed by Recker (1995). Furthermore, we consider the tight road capacity constraint as another special case of HAPP to model complex interactions between multiple household activity scheduling decisions, and this attempt offers another household-based framework for linking activity-based model (ABM) and dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) tools. Through embedding temporal and spatial relations among household members, vehicles and mandatory/optional activities in an integrated space-time-state network, we develop two 0–1 integer linear programming models that can seamlessly incorporate constraints for a number of key decisions related to vehicle selection, activity performing and ridesharing patterns under congested networks. The well-structured network models can be directly solved by standard optimization solvers, and further converted to a set of time-dependent state-dependent least cost path-finding problems through Lagrangian relaxation, which permit the use of computationally efficient algorithms on large-scale high-fidelity transportation networks.     

Towards a common measure of greenhouse gas related logistics activity using data envelopment analysis

Monitoring company emissions from freight transport is essential if future greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions are to be realised. Modern economies are characterised increasingly by lower density freight movements. However, weight-based measures of freight transport activity (tonne-kilometre, tonnes lifted) are not good at describing volume-limited freight. After introducing the need for performance measurement, the problem of benchmarking is outlined in more detail. A context-dependent undesirable output data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, designed to be sensitive to business context, is then tested on a simulated set of fleet profiles. DEA can produce more consistent measures of good-practice, compared to ratio-based key performance indicators (KPI), providing emission reduction targets for companies and an aggregate reporting tool.     

Street characteristics to encourage children to walk

An experiment tested whether physical disorder affected low to moderate income African–American children’s choice of street to walk on and their parents’ choice of a street for them to walk on. The experiment used an innovative desktop simulation in which 32 fourth and fifth grade African–American children and 30 parents viewed and explored pairs of virtual walk-through streets manipulated on disorder (across three contexts and two other street and sidewalk characteristics) and picked from each pair the one to walk on (child) or for the child to walk on (parent). Each participant was asked to report the reasons for the choices. The analysis revealed that children and their parents were more likely to walk (or have the child walk) on streets lower in disorder. Reported reasons for choices confirmed the importance of physical disorder in affecting walking choices. Low-cost improvements in order may make streets more desirable for recreational walking.     

Phase transitions relating to the pozzolanic activity of electrolytic manganese residue during calcination

Electrolytic manganese residue（EMR） is generated from electrolytic manganese metal（EMM） industry, and its disposal is currently a serious problem in China.The EMR were calcined in the interval 100—900℃to enhance their pozzolanic activity and characterized by the differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry（TGDTA）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）,infra-red（IR） and chemical analysis techniques with the aim to correlate phase transitions and structural features with the pozzolanic activity of calcined EMR.Prom the phase analysis and compressive strength results,it is found that the EMR calcined within 700—800℃had the best pozzolanic activity due to the decomposition of poorly-crystallized CaSO₄ under the reducing ambient created by the decomposition of（NH₄）₂SO₄.The appearance of reactive CaO mainly contributes to the good pozzolanic activity of EMR calcined within 700—800℃.The crystallinity of Mn₃CO₄ increases leading an unfavourable effect on the pozzolanic behaviour of EMR calcined at 900℃.The developed pozzolanic material containing 30%（mass fraction） EMR possesses compressive strength properties at a level similar to 42.5^# normal Portland cement,in the range of 41.5—50.5 MPa.Besides,leaching results show that EMR blend cement pastes have excellent effect on the solidification of heavy metals.     

LUTI operational models review based on the proposition of an a priori ALUTI conceptual model

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on understanding to what extent the components of LUTI models and their mutual interactions are conceptually represented by eight operational LUTI models. This is important for the understanding of LUTI models’ mechanisms, firstly because it may reduce communication barriers between planning communities, secondly because it may help us understand the models’ applicability, and thirdly it may highlight the models’ shortcomings and point for future research. We present a discussion about what subsystems should be considered for LUTI modelling, from which we derived an “a priori” conceptual ALUTI model (incorporating Activities, besides Land Use and Transport). By comparing the rationale behind each model with this conceptual model, we establish the basis for our review, focussing on whether these models incorporate the ALUTI components, its inner workings and the relationships between these components. Results indicate three main limitations of the reviewed models. First, models not always adequately include all the components of the a priori ALUTI model. Second, the ALUTI subsystems’ internal functions are not explicitly modelled in several of the models reviewed, making it difficult to evaluate how planning decisions affect the subsystem. Third, only few models recognise all mutual interactions, especially in respect to the Activity subsystem.     

Gender differences in activity participation,time-of-day and duration choices: new evidence from Calgary

To date only limited research has quantified differences between female and male activity patterns, and analyses at an individual activity level are scarce. Past research has focused on investigating gender differences in mobility levels based on observed travel patterns, especially those related to commuting. This article reports new evidence based on analyses of a household activity survey data-set collected from a Canadian city – Calgary – in 2001. Results show that contemporary females and males have a very similar activity participation pattern. On the other hand, analyses applied to activity starting times support the view that there are minor gender differences in time-of-day choices. In addition, duration and survival analyses through log-rank and Wilcoxon tests show that women and men tend to spend more or less time on some of the 10 weekend/weekday activities, and thus indicate that they share different domestic and societal responsibilities: males tend to spend longer time for out-of-home activities, such as work, school, social, and out-of-town; whereas females contribute more to domestic work, including shopping, eating, and religious activity. In general, this article contributes new evidence to gender differences in activity participation, time-of-day, and duration choices at the individual activity level. Such differences may influence travelers’ time, mode, and location choices and thus have important implications for the complexity of an activity-based modeling framework. These implications are discussed along with recommendations for incorporating gender differences in an activity-based modeling framework.