浙西南山区高速公路隧道洞外亮度研究

在分析传统公路隧道洞外亮度L20(S)测算方法不足的基础上,介绍一种基于数码技术的公路隧道洞外亮度L20(S)测试方法,使得大规模、高效率地实测公路隧道洞外亮度L20(S)成为可能。采用上述方法和手段对金丽温、两龙高速公路隧道洞口光环境进行实测,提出浙西南山区高速公路隧道洞外亮度L20(S)建议值,可供高速公路隧道照明系统节能运营及改造设计时参考。基于环境景观理论,提出符合"环境友好型"山区高速公路隧道设计理念的接近段减光措施。研究成果具有较好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,可在实际工程中全面推广应用。     

整车内饰背光测试方法介绍

整车内饰背光的主要作用是为驾驶员夜间行驶提供信息照明,而照明的目的是识别对象、提升品质及夜间行驶安全。本文结合人们对不同颜色光的视觉感知,阐述整车内饰背光主观评价及客观测试方法,重点介绍客观测试方法。     

高速公路隧道交通安全问题及对策分析

高速公路隧道交通事故原因复杂且具有多样性。结合隧道特点和交通事故特征,以人-车-路-环境体系为基础,多角度、多方面分析了隧道交通事故发生原因,并提出了合理的解决方案。     

Network effects of intelligent speed adaptation systems

Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) systems use in-vehicle electronic devices to enable the speed of vehicles to be regulated automatically. They are increasingly appreciated as a flexible method for speed management and control particularly in urban areas. On-road trials using a small numbers of ISA equipped vehicles have been carried out in Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. This paper describes the developments made to enhance a traffic microsimulation model in order to represent ISA implemented across a network and the impact of this on the networks. The simulation modelling of the control system is carried out on a real-world urban network, and the impacts on traffic congestion, speed distribution and the environment assessed. The results show that ISA systems are more effective in less congested traffic conditions. Momentary high speeds in traffic are effectively suppressed, resulting in a reduction in speed variation which is likely to have a beneficial impact on safety. Whilst ISA reduces excessive traffic speeds in the network, it does not affect average journey times. In particular, the total vehicle-hours travelling at speeds below 10 km/hr have not changed, indicating that the speed control had not induced more slow-moving queues to the network. A statistically significant, eight percent, reduction in fuel consumption was found with full ISA penetration. These results are in accordance with those from field trials and they provide the basis for cost-benefit analyses on introducing ISA into the vehicle fleet. However, contrary to earlier findings from the Swedish ISA road trials, this study suggested that ISA is likely to have no significant effect on emission of gaseous pollutants CO, NO_x and HC.     

Adaptation Pathways in Coastal Case Studies: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Climate change adaptation presents a difficult challenge for coastal towns around the world, forcing local governments to plan for sea level rise in a contentious decision-making space. The concept of “adaptation pathways,” a diagnostic and analytical tool to assist in adaptive planning and decision-making, is gaining traction as a way of framing and informing climate adaptation. It provides decisionmakers a way to acknowledge the inter-temporal complexities and uncertainties associated with the novel dynamics of climate change and a mechanism to manage these challenges in the local context. In 2012, the Australian Government funded an 18-month program to provide decisionmakers in the coastal zone an opportunity to test the utility of the adaptation pathways concept for coastal climate adaptation. Using a selection of completed projects as case studies, we performed a document analysis to better understand the learnings from the projects. The main themes surrounded: (1) the utility of the adaptation pathway framework in developing options, (2) decision-making rationale and criteria, and (3) stakeholder participation in pathway development. A project participant survey was developed to further understand these themes. Our analysis reveals that “adaptation pathways” was generally framed narrowly and conservatively to emphasize extant economic, administrative and legal considerations over community, participatory, or exploratory ones. Although some case study projects were able to reach a point in the pathway discussion to actively involve stakeholders in their decision-making process, many case studies continued to build technical data as a method for defending policies and actions. These results indicate that coastal adaptation can take-up adaptation pathways as a useful concept for decision-making and planning; however, many councils may still require assistance in stakeholder communication processes in order to develop sociallyacceptable plans that take into account the full range of values affecting local coastal environments.     

Investigating heterogeneity in social influence by social distance in car-sharing decisions under uncertainty: A regret-minimizing hybrid choice model framework based on sequential stated adaptation experiments

The present study is designed to investigate social influence in car-sharing decisions under uncertainty. Social influence indicates that individuals’ decisions are influenced by the choices made by members of their social networks. An individual may experience different degrees of influence depending on social distance, i.e. the strength of the social relationship between individuals. Such heterogeneity in social influence has been largely ignored in the previous travel behavior research. The data used in this study stems from an egocentric social network survey, which measures the strength of the social relationships of each respondent. In addition, a sequential stated adaptation experiment was developed to capture more explicitly the effect of social network choices on the individual decision-making process. Social distance is regarded as a random latent variable. The estimated social distance and social network choices are incorporated into a social influence variable, which is treated as an explanatory variable in the car-sharing decision model. To simultaneously estimate latent social distance and the effects of social influence on the car-sharing decision, we expand the hybrid choice framework to incorporate the latent social distance model into discrete choice analysis. The estimation results show substantial social influence in car-sharing decisions. The magnitude of social influence varies according to the type of relationship, similarity of socio-demographics and the number of social interactions.     

显示屏残影测试方法研究与应用

显示屏的残影现象影响其显示效果,其测试非常耗时,且测试成本高。本文研究总结了一些显示屏残影的测试评估方法,并分析这些方法的差异。每一种方法都会引起一些问题,考虑到测量本身耗时,而且有许多测试是不可逆的,所以在进行残影测量之前需要充分考虑每种方法的特点和不足。此外,本文也简要描述了与成像亮度计相关的,影响残影测试的参数。     

机车LCD亮度自动调节系统设计

针对现代化机车上LCD亮度自动调节的需要,提出一种基于EPLD实现LCD亮度自动调节的新型控制系统.EPLD控制系统以光照传感器TSL2550检测环境光照度,经过视函数和对比度矫正,对LCD显示器的亮度做出自动调整.系统采用全硬件实现,提高了响应速度,避免了软件实现带来的不利因素.电路简单,便于微型化.     

LNG运输船作为浮式储存装置的适应性评估研究

采用OCIMF方法和水动力分析法,对3万方LNG运输船靠泊码头作为FSU适应性评估进行了研究,运用AQWA软件并结合码头实际情况对已有系泊方案进行了优化设计。从碰垫选型、系泊方案分析、总管与软管连接兼容性和设备维护保养等方面评估了该轮作为FSU的适应性,并结合船舶、码头实际配备情况提出相应的建议措施,为作为FSU安全作业提供保障。     

基于LMS算法的自适应前馈

作为通信系统核心器件的功率放大器的线性度直接影响了整个系统的通信质量,而前馈线性化技术综合性能较好,一直以来都是研究的热点.论文基于自适应前馈电路的原理,引入了一种改进的LMS算法,通过计算机软件仿真,表明该算法可以很好地改善系统的线性度.