机车操纵台液晶显示器参数调节对视觉功效的影响

从视觉功效学的角度出发,在0～500lx照度下,对车载液晶显示器(LCD)显示调控指标和环境照明对亮度对比度的影响进行了研究,以判读兰道环的绩效指数和主观评价为指标,对LCD在不同照度和亮度对比度条件下的视觉功效进行了实验,确定了在不同照明条件下LCD的最佳调节值,为LCD的科学化和智能化调节提供了理论依据和数据。     

Helping Communities Adapt and Plan for Coastal Hazards: Coastal Zone Management Program Recommendations for National Tool Developers

Adapting to changing coastlines is an unprecedented planning challenge as coastal hazards, including those associated with climate change, influence all areas of resource management. Tools have been developed to aid in understanding coastal hazards and to facilitate the planning and implementation of adaptation strategies. Through interviews with members of eight geographically distributed state Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Programs and several federal and nonprofit partners, we explored the utility of current tools for on-the-ground adaptation planning and implementation needs. State CZM Programs operate as trusted information brokers at the nexus between national resources and local needs. Here we provide seven recommendations for how to overcome the challenges identified with tool discovery, lack of trust, and the coarse spatial resolution of national tools. Our findings suggest local community needs are better addressed when end-users play a role in the tool development process. We also recommend leveraging CZM Program connections because they have the knowledge and expertise to identify solutions and disseminate information. While the recommendations presented here were taken from the perspective of state CZM Programs regarding coastal tools, the lessons learned may provide valuable insight into the tool development process for other resource management fields.     

The socio-cognitive links between road pricing acceptability and changes in travel-behavior

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of road pricing on people’s tendency to adapt their current travel behavior. To this end, the relationship between changes in activity-travel behavior on the one hand and public acceptability and its most important determinants on the other are investigated by means of a stated adaptation experiment. Using a two-stage hierarchical model, it was found that behavioral changes themselves are not dependent on the perceived acceptability of road pricing itself, and that only a small amount of the variability in the behavioral changes were explained by socio-cognitive factors. The lesson for policy makers is that road pricing charges must surpass a minimum threshold in order to entice changes in activity-travel behavior and that the benefits of road pricing should be clearly communicated, taking into account the needs and abilities of different types of travelers. Secondly, earlier findings concerning the acceptability of push measures were validated, supporting transferability of results. In line with other studies, effectiveness, fairness and personal norm all had a significant direct impact on perceived acceptability. Finally, the relevance of using latent factors rather than aggregate indicators was underlined.     

基于等效光幕亮度理论的隧道入口段亮度计算方法

为了获得更加合理的隧道入口段亮度设计值,首先分析了隧道入口段亮度的确定方法,指出了Adrian和Augdal提出的等效光幕亮度计算方法中,都因为忽略了某些计算项而造成得到的极坐标圆环边界视角存在一定的误差;为解决该问题,提出采用数值积分的方法确定各圆环边界的对应视角,并给出了计算得到的各圆环边界视角值和由此得到的等效光...     

影响中国留学生在美大学校园文化学习适应的相关因素研究

针对中美联合教育项目留学生在美国大学校园生活和学习的适应状况,本研究从多维的角度调查项目学生在学业方面遇到的主要问题及学生的性别、年龄、教育层次、在美时间等因素对学生文化学习适应的影响;调查项目留学生在美大学校园文化生活满意度与其对美国的态度、思乡、文化休克之间的关系,以期为国内大学发展与之相关的出国留学生适应辅助项目提供支持,为留学生出国前的语言培训、学业和心理准备提供帮助。     

Climate Change and Coastal Management Decisions: Insights from Christchurch Bay,UK

The integration of climate change adaptation considerations into management of the coast poses major challenges for decision makers. This article reports on a case study undertaken in Christchurch Bay, UK, examining local capacity for strategic response to climate risks, with a particular focus on issues surrounding coastal defense. Drawing primarily on qualitative research with local and regional stakeholders, the analysis identifies fundamental disjunctures between generic concerns over climate change and the adaptive capacity of local management institutions. Closely linked with issues of scale, the problems highlighted here are likely to have broad and continuing relevance for future coastal management elsewhere.     

Culture,Ethnography, and Marine Affairs

Abstract

Marine and coastal zone policy represents a collaboration of people managing and people managed. This paper takes a holistic stance in suggesting that marine communities are viewed properly as networks of focused interest groups, policymakers, professionals, and publics. The interplay between culture and marine and coastal policy is appropriately one topic of applied social research. Seven ethnographic studies in this domain are introduced in this theme issue and help us to understand sociocultural processes and institutions bearing on marine affairs.     

基于瞳孔面积变动的公路隧道明暗适应时间

公路隧道进出口照度剧烈变化,容易造成驾驶员明暗视觉适应困难,也是导致交通事故的重要原因,因此驾驶员明暗适应时间的确定是解析隧道视觉安全的基础问题.以26条典型公路隧道为例,利用IViewX HED Laptop眼动仪系统,对公路隧道路段驾驶员的视觉适应性进行了试验研究.根据大量试验数据建立了隧道进出口瞳孔面积及面积变化临界速度定量关系.在此基础上利用瞳孔面积速度/瞳孔面积临界速度比率κ来评价隧道路段视觉负荷,并建立了基于λ值的视觉明暗适应时间指标,最终得到隧道长度与视觉明暗适应时间的定量关系.对于中长隧道,暗适应时间一般不超过23 s,明适应时间不超过13s.     

汽车亚稳态热环境测试与驾驶员热舒适评价

针对汽车乘员舱热环境测试方法过于复杂、热舒适性评价方法实用性不强的问题,提出了车内亚稳态热环境的简化测试方案和驾驶员热舒适性评价方法.使用热舒适度测试仪实测了各季节驾驶员头部、胸腹部和脚部的环境参数,并对驾驶员进行热感觉预测.招募45位受试者进行主观热感觉调查作为热感觉实际值,确定了整体热感觉的最佳测量代表点.比较整体...     

Representing mental maps and cognitive learning in micro-simulation models of activity-travel choice dynamics

This paper develops a model, based on Bayesian beliefs networks, for representing mental maps and cognitive learning into micro-simulation models of activity-travel behavior. Mental maps can be used to address the problem that choice sets in models of travel demand are often ad hoc specified. The theory underlying the model is discussed, a specification is derived and numerical simulation is used to illustrate the properties of the model.