基于适应性评估的桥梁选型方法研究

桥梁选型是一项包含多影响因素的系统性决策过程,为了提高桥型选择的客观性和合理性,建立了一种以全寿命周期适应性作为评价指标的桥梁选型模型,该模型以适应性评估作为目标层,以安全、适用、经济、耐久、美观、环保作为准则层。在此基础上,引入了一种主客观相结合的方法确定评价指标权重,最后对典型建设条件下几种常见中小跨径桥梁进行了适用性评估,验证了选型方法的可行性。     

法律文本翻译中译者的选择与顺应

法律文本翻译时译文应忠实于原文,这是法律翻译者必须遵循的一个基本原则。在语言顺应论关照下,译者翻译法律文本时,需要全面考虑相关因素,然后有意识地采用减译法、增译法和变译法等三种方法进行针对性选择与顺应,以使译文忠实于原文,成功地传达原文的法律效力。     

人非共板断面适应性研究

人非共板断面通过机动车与非机动车高差进行分离,减少机非碰撞的交通事故;避免非机动车对机动车通行的影响,但也不可避免地带来人非冲突予盾增加,非机动车频繁起伏,舒适性下降等问题;结合道路红线宽度、机动车、非机动车交通组织等因素,研究人非共板断面在路段及交叉口范围的交通模式,从而分析总结人非共板断面的适用范围.     

Institutional and Conceptual Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation for Coastal Cultural Heritage

Climate change is increasing the speed at which tangible coastal cultural heritage is changing in character or being lost through weathering, erosion, and inundation. Damages to coastal archeological sites, loss of access to historical sites, and the alteration of cultural landscapes will force changes in the way researchers can study sites, tourists can enjoy places, and descendant communities who have lived in particular areas for time immemorial, and local community members can utilize and relate to landscapes. In the USA, the National Park Service is a primary coastal cultural resource management organization. The National Park Service has been working on climate change adaptation for cultural resources for over a decade; however, there are few examples of parks in which long range climate change adaptation plans for cultural resources have been implemented. Building from 20 semi-structured interviews with cultural resource managers in three parks, we found that institutional structures within the National Park Service, as well as historical conceptual framings specific to the research, recreational, and interpretive values of cultural resources act as barriers to managers’ ability to design and implement climate change adaptation plans. Institutional barriers managers discussed include the dependence of climate change adaptation decisions partnership projects and the leveraging of budgetary and staff resources within NPS that may affect climate change adaptation capacity. We found that park managers often saw impacts in parks that may be associated with climate change, but found it difficult to separate normal maintenance from climate change affected deterioration, which may lead to status quo management actions rather than revised planning for a changing future regime. Conceptual barriers managers discussed revealed a conflict between preservation needs of research versus interpretive uses and while NPS guidance recommends prioritization of cultural resources for preservation at the park level, regional managers were more focused on this topic than park managers. As NPS moves forward with climate change adaptation planning, opportunities to develop and improve cultural resource preservation with new technologies, improved prioritization schemes, and include public input in resource preservation may help coastal managers overcome these barriers.     

Adaptation planning for climate-resilient urban infrastructures

This paper analyzes the interdependency across two critical infrastructures of transportation and motor fueling supply chains, and investigates how vulnerability to climatic extremes in a fueling infrastructure hampers the resilience of a transportation system. The proposed model features both a bi-stage mathematical program and an extension to an ‘α-reliable mean-excess’ regret model. The former aspect allows decision makers to optimize the pre-disaster asset prepositioning against the maximum post-disaster system resilience. The latter aspect of the proposed model devalues the impact of ‘low-probability, high-cost’ sub-scenarios upon model results. The model reveals the reliance of post-disaster urban mobility on the interdependent critical infrastructure of motor fueling supply chains. The results also suggest how investment in the fueling infrastructure’s vulnerable elements protects urban mobility while the transportation network is stressed or under attack.     

主动降低光照强度对暗适应及交通安全的影响

为探索减轻驾驶员暗适应水平的方法,以不同速率主动降低光照强度,并测试光照强度突变为零后驾驶员辨识前方物体时间。建立室内实验环境;测量以不同速率提前降低光照强度的情况下,外界光照强度突变为零后驾驶员辨识前方物体的时间。根据数理统计原理,解析辨识时间与光照强度变化率之间的关系,分析提前改变光照强度对辨识时间的影响,寻找最短辨识时间及其相应的光照强度变化率。实验数据显示,提前降低光照强度7.0s以上与不降低相比,对驾驶员暗适应的作用显著且趋于稳定,驾驶员辨识前方物体时间最多可以减少61.91%。实验结果表明,提前改变光照强度对于短时间内缓解驾驶员暗适应现象有所帮助。     

辽宁临港经济区港口航运物流企业人员跨文化适应能力分析及对策研究

随着我国参与经济全球化的长足发展,省域内临港经济区内的跨文化交流日益频繁,同时跨文化适应问题也越发突显,并以前所未有的速度影响着港口航运物流企业人员的工作表现。通过采用SPSS软件和Microsoft Excel软件对调查数据进行的统计分析,发现相关企业人员的跨文化适应情况与工作表现呈现正相关关系。通过进一步分析发现影响这些人员的跨文化适应的社会文化和心理因素表现出共性特征。这为临港经济相关专业"专业英语"教学改革提供了依据。     

A Combined Speaker Adaptation Method for Mandarin Speech Recognition

A speaker adaptation method that combines transformation matrix linear interpolation with maximum a posteriori (MAP) was proposed. Firstly this method can keep the asymptotical characteristic of MAP. Secondly,as the method uses linear interpolation with several speaker-dependent (SD) transformation matrixes, it can fully use the prior knowledge and keep fast adaptation. The experimental results show that the combined method achieves an 8.24% word error rate reduction with only one adaptation utterance, and keeps asymptotic to the performance of SD model for large amounts of adaotation data.     

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车流速度和道路安全性有非常密切的关系。通过信息和先进的车辆设备对道路上的车速管理是一种灵活的方式，智能速度顺应系统ISA就是其中之一。现在一个全欧洲的联合合作正在开始对ISA的潜力进行研究。本文介绍了ISA的概念和它在速度管理上可能的效果；该文阐述了ISA 在技术上的实施和部署的最新情况，并调查了ISA在道路网络中的作用。最后介绍了一个微观模拟模型的详细方法，该方法用于分析ISA在实际城市网络中的效果。     

综合运输系统协调发展的灰色关联度分析

针对综合运输这个复杂、抽象的巨系统,基于灰色系统理论,对影响其协调运行的因素进行灰色关联分析,弥补采用传统数理统计方法做系统分析时所导致的缺憾。