初次支护结构对围岩塑性区和位移的影响研究

为了探索初期支护对隧道围岩稳定性的影响,采用岩土工程三维有限元分析软件Z_Soil3D对隧道施工中锚杆和钢架的作用进行了模拟分析。计算结果表明:增加锚杆长度或钢架惯性矩,围岩塑性区厚度和围岩位移都减小,锚杆长度及钢架惯性矩存在优化值,当锚杆长度或惯性矩超过优化值后对进一步改善围岩稳定性的作用不明显;永久钢架主要起拱的作用,其内力以轴向压力为主,在节点处存在局部弯矩,永久钢架构件内力与施工顺序相关,最早施加的构件轴力是后施加的数倍;临时钢架为压弯构件,存在较大轴力和弯矩,水平和竖向临时钢架的弯矩相差不大,2层水平钢架构件的轴力相差较大,竖向构件的轴力与上层水平构件的轴力相当,但明显大于下层水平构件的轴力。     

地铁明挖车站有关配筋问题的探讨

探讨明挖地铁车站配筋计算的一些问题。提出了在地铁车站配筋设计时应考虑消峰、轴力、腋角、分布筋等设计理念。这些设计理念并非很高深,但若能在地铁设计中得以贯彻,对提高设计质量,降低工程投资却很有益处。     

重力式砌石挡土墙的因素敏感性计算分析

为了研究山区公路砌石高挡土墙变形破坏的产生机理并提出有效加固措施,结合浙江58省道重力式砌石挡土墙实例,采用不平衡推力法,对影响山区公路砌石高挡土墙的因素敏感性进行分析。研究结果表明,按因素敏感度从大到小排列,影响浆砌石重力式挡土墙整体稳定性的主要因素为潜在滑动面岩土体的内摩擦角、潜在滑动体饱水面积比、墙高、潜在滑动面岩土体的粘聚力和墙后填土的重度;影响浆砌石重力式挡土墙的最主要因素为潜在滑动面岩土体的内摩擦角和潜在滑动体饱水面积比;在对砌石高挡土墙进行加固处理时,必须优先考虑在墙身设置足够排水孔和选择渗透性好的填料的措施。     

双套拱塔斜拉桥索力张拉优化及控制

为研究双套拱塔斜拉桥施工控制技术,尤其是塔间索及斜拉索的张拉方案合理性及张拉控制方法,以小凌河大桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil有限元软件建立该桥空间计算模型,进行施工过程的模拟计算,根据计算结果对拉索安装和张拉方案进行了优化。优化后,赋予塔间索初张拉无应力长度,二次调索时调整到成桥状态的无应力长度;斜拉索自内而外安装并张拉,索力小于250kN的斜拉索,调整其初张拉无应力长度使索力满足测量要求,其他斜拉索直接张拉到设计的无应力长度。监控结果表明,采用优化后的索力张拉方法对该类桥梁进行施工控制,整个施工过程中结构安全、受力明确,得到的成桥索力误差小。     

Mitigating the effect of impact loading on a vehicle using an essentially nonlinear absorber

The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of an essentially nonlinear vibration absorber to mitigate the large accelerations transmitted to a passenger compartment of a vehicle which is subjected to shock-type transient loading at the chassis. For such problems, the induced vibration typically attains its maximum value shortly after the application of the loading; thus, it may be impossible to dissipate a major portion of the input energy prior to the occurrence of the peak response. Here, a class of absorbers possessing a form of discontinuous essential stiffness nonlinearity is employed to achieve the desired mitigation. In this paper, we apply a single vibro-impact (VI) absorber to the chassis and examine whether the resulting energy transfer mechanism is an effective way to reduce the peak value of the inertial force measured at the passenger compartment. The influence of the absorber parameters is first studied based on a practical impulsive force, and the optimal design of the absorber is then obtained. Next, an asymmetric clearance arrangement of the absorber is suggested to facilitate the mitigation. Finally, an impulsive acceleration excitation is applied to the system to examine the robustness and efficacy of the optimised absorber. Results of numerical simulations demonstrate that a properly designed VI absorber can significantly decrease the maximum inertial force at the passenger compartment, generated by external impulsive excitations.     

Simulation of active steering control for curving under traction in hauling locomotives

Active steering control in the form of secondary yaw control (SYC) and actuated wheelset yaw (AWY) have been in prototype development. This paper presents a new active steering bogie design, actuated yaw force steering (AY-FS), that is able to steer under high traction loads in tight curves. The AY-FS bogie design is compared with the AWY design. The steering performance AWY under high traction loads has not been previously reported. This paper examines five control methods, three for AWY and two for AY-FS bogies and assesses the traction curving and stability control performance of the alternative designs and control methods compared with each other and to passive steering bogie designs. The curving performance results showed considerable advantage in the proposed AY-FS bogies over the AWY. It was shown that control must be applied to both the yaw angle and the steering angle of the bogie to achieve the best traction steering performance which was not possible with the AWY bogies. The proposed new bogie designs of AY-FS overall give better traction curving and stability performance than the AWY designs.     

An ABS control logic based on wheel force measurement

The paper presents an anti-lock braking system (ABS) control logic based on the measurement of the longitudinal forces at the hub bearings. The availability of force information allows to design a logic that does not rely on the estimation of the tyre–road friction coefficient, since it continuously tries to exploit the maximum longitudinal tyre force.

The logic is designed by means of computer simulation and then tested on a specific hardware in the loop test bench: the experimental results confirm that measured wheel force can lead to a significant improvement of the ABS performances in terms of stopping distance also in the presence of road with variable friction coefficient.     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

Coupler jackknifing and derailments of locomotives on tangent track

A number of derailments occurred in recent years due to coupler jackknifing, some of them were reported on tangent tracks where conventionally thought to be the safer sections. This article studied coupler jackknifing behaviour and its implications for locomotive safety on tangent tracks from the experience of China heavy haul. Three types of coupler systems were modelled and simulated regarding coupler jackknifing behaviour. Two typical locomotive derailments occurred on tangent tracks were analysed. From the derailment experience, coupler angle self-lock behaviour was introduced and simulated. An approach to determine coupler angles in the jackknifed position was derived and validated with a self-coded program and SIMPACK. Methods to prevent coupler jackknifing were also evaluated with regard to locomotive stability.     

轨道高架桥下基坑开挖的相关措施及研究分析

近年来,越来越多的工程建设与已建轨道的关系越来越密切,施工环境也越来越复杂.以春申湖路快速化改造中元和塘东隧道基坑下穿轨道2号线号线高架为例,通过开挖施工中采取的一系列技术措施(MJS工法、开挖工序安排、应用支撑自动轴力补偿系统、加强监测等),并运用数值模拟软件,建立地上地下整体模型,将结果与过程监控数值对比,确保了轨...