JT6120型客车气动特性的数值模拟和风洞试验

为了评价ＪＴ６１２０型客车的空气动力学特性，先后采用数值模拟和风洞试验方法对其外流场进行了研究。研究结果表明由于在该车的头部产生了气流分离，导致空气阴力系数高达０．６６６５，说明气动性能存在明显的不足，有必要进行改进。     

降雨对基本构件气动特性影响的初步研究

大风经常与降雨相伴而发生，破坏力巨大的台风，往往也带着大量的降雨。降雨对结构的影响可以分为两个方面。首先，大雨滴在风的驱动下击打在结构物表面上，可视为造成荷载；小雨滴自重小，在风的吹动下弥漫在物体中，可视为空气密度的增大。另一方面，降雨使结构表面附着一层水膜，它可能改变结构或构件的空气动力特性。利用降雨研究成果，从降雨引起空气密度的改变、雨滴对结构的冲击作用、降雨引起的结构表面状态变化等方面对降雨的作用进行了分析，发现如果将雨滴的质量平均到空气中，引起空气密度的变化很小；同时，雨滴对结构水平方向和竖直方向的冲击力也很小，基本可以忽略不计；指出分析降雨对结构的影响，应重点分析降雨引起的结构表面状态的变化，以及由此而导致的结构气动特性的变化。     

高速车辆气流噪声计算方法

随着发动机、传动系和轮胎等其它噪声的降低以及车速的不断提高 ,高速车辆气流噪声变得越来越突出 ,因此研究和降低气流噪声已成为控制高速车辆噪声的关键之一。通过求解广义Lighthill方程 ,得到了适合车辆行驶工况的气流噪声积分计算公式。根据车辆的实际工况 ,对气流噪声计算公式进行了分析 ,明确了在车辆气流噪声中偶极子源噪声占主导地位 ,表面脉动压力是车辆气流噪声的主要声源。在此基础上 ,对车辆气流噪声某些特性进行了讨论和试验     

队列行驶三辆汽车外流场的数值模拟

以智能车辆的MIRA简化模型作为研究对象,在自动控制的前提下,采用移动地面边界条件,对单车和队列行驶状态下的汽车外流场进行了数值模拟研究.分别获得了单车和各种行驶工况下的三辆汽车对称面的压力分布,队列行驶三辆汽车的压力分布与单车的压力分布相似,但是后两车前部的正压区明显减弱.对于等间距和不等间距2种行驶情况,改变车辆之间的距离来模拟多种状态.气动阻力的对比分析说明:队列行驶的三辆汽车,后两车的气动阻力都低于前车的气动阻力,而且平均气动阻力与单车相比均有了一定程度的降低.通过间距的改变分别进行数值模拟,获得了间距对前后行驶三辆汽车气动阻力影响的规律,为以后队列行驶的深入研究奠定了基础.     

横向位置对桥上挂车气动特性的影响

在行驶过程中的汽车稳定性、安全性和舒适性会受到侧风的严重影响,因此,侧风稳定性成为汽车空气动力特性的一个重要组成部分。文章以挂车车身为研究对象,采用CFD数值模拟对侧风作用下的汽车气动特性进行了研究,考虑风速、车辆位置以及车辆所受的合成风偏角对汽车气动特性的影响,计算挂车发生侧倾、侧滑的临界风速。结果表明,挂车位于横向不同位置时,在侧风的作用下其气动特性会发生改变,进行车辆的安全性分析时车辆气动力系数应考虑车辆的位置以及车辆所受合成风偏角的影响。     

桥梁结构气动导纳研究回顾及其新进展

气动导纳函数是桥梁抖振分析中的重要气动参数,国内在这方面的研究几乎处于空白阶段.在分析文献资料的基础上,系统地介绍了气动导纳函数的来源、历史研究及经验公式等.并对作者在气动导纳研究方面的最新成果和进一步需要进行的工作进行了简单介绍,从而为今后的研究工作提供了参考.     

CFD数值仿真在高速列车设计中的应用

高速列车的空气动力特性不仅关系到列车牵引效率,而且还影响旅客乘坐舒适性和列车运行安全性。本文介绍CFD数值仿真在高速列车设计中的应用:采用Airpak软件对列车空调通风系统进行数值仿真,采用Fluent软件对列车水箱中水的晃动问题、列车外流场以及二维流线型列车模型的远场气动噪声进行数值仿真。对空调通风系统的仿真结果与实验研究进行对比,计算与试验的良好一致性说明采用的CFD模型是可靠的;水箱晃动计算的压力波提供的水箱壁屈曲分析与实际情况基本吻合。     

加筋土式挡风墙优化研究

研究目的:使车辆受到的气动力减小及挡风墙建设施工具有良好的经济性。研究方法:采用二维粘性不可压缩雷诺平均应力方程,在横风风速为35．1 m／s时,路堤高度、挡风墙高度、设置位置不同条件下,对加筋土式挡风墙背风侧车辆的气动力进行数值模拟计算。研究结果:确定了挡风墙最佳高度和最佳设置位置随路堤高度的变化规律。研究结论:随着路堤高度的增大,挡风墙最佳高度不断的减小,但减小的幅度越来越小,而挡风墙的最佳设置位置变化幅度较小,基本在3．4～3．5之间。     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a couple multiple units high-speed train

In order to determine the effect of the coupling region on train aerodynamic performance, and how the coupling region affects aerodynamic performance of the couple multiple units trains when they both run and pass each other in open air, the entrance of two such trains into a tunnel and their passing each other in the tunnel was simulated in Fluent 14.0. The numerical algorithm employed in this study was verified by the data of scaled and full-scale train tests, and the difference lies within an acceptable range. The results demonstrate that the distribution of aerodynamic forces on the train cars is altered by the coupling region; however, the coupling region has marginal effect on the drag and lateral force on the whole train under crosswind, and the lateral force on the train cars is more sensitive to couple multiple units compared to the other two force coefficients. It is also determined that the component of the coupling region increases the fluctuation of aerodynamic coefficients for each train car under crosswind. Affected by the coupling region, a positive pressure pulse was introduced in the alternating pressure produced by trains passing by each other in the open air, and the amplitude of the alternating pressure was decreased by the coupling region. The amplitude of the alternating pressure on the train or on the tunnel was significantly decreased by the coupling region of the train. This phenomenon did not alter the distribution law of pressure on the train and tunnel; moreover, the effect of the coupling region on trains passing by each other in the tunnel is stronger than that on a single train passing through the tunnel.     

A study on the resistance force and the aerodynamic drag of Korean high-speed trains

The resistance force as well as the aerodynamic drag of Korean high-speed trains including two commercial trains, the KTX and the KTX-Sancheon (KTX-II) and two experimental trains, the HSR-350X and the HEMU-430X have been studied comprehensively. To deduce the aerodynamic drag of the trains, the coefficients of the Davis equation, which is a universal formulation to represent the resistance to motion of the train, have been calculated using the coasting test method and analysed in comparison with those by empirical prediction methods. In case of HEMU-430X train, the equations of resistance to motion have been calculated by an alternative regression method that is established in this study. The results show that the suggested method can successively yield the resistance to motion equation from the coasting test measurements with varying air density by separating the aerodynamic drag from the total resistance of train. It also prevents from improper coefficients which are occasionally taken by normal regression method in irregular coasting condition. After yielding the aerodynamic drag of the trains from the resistance to motion equations, characteristics of the aerodynamic drag have been analysed and compared between the trains.