钝头列车加装底罩结构的减阻效果分析

为减少钝头列车的气动阻力,对车头圆顶、车体底罩、车间风挡的假想模型进行数值模拟计算。结果表明:钝头列车加装车体底罩及车头前部圆顶等结构,并以高于100km/h的速度运行时,减阻效果良好,行驶速度越高,减阻效果越明显。     

山区桁架梁悬索桥颤振稳定性气动优化研究

为研究山区峡谷大跨度钢桁梁悬索桥的颤振稳定性及其气动性能优化措施,以某大跨度钢桁架梁悬索桥为工程背景,通过有限元计算分析及主梁节段模型风洞试验,研究其主梁颤振稳定性能.针对大桥颤振临界风速低于颤振检验风速,设计并试验对比了封闭桥面板中央开槽、中央上稳定板和中央下稳定板三种气动优化方案.试验结果表明,采用格栅板封闭桥面板中央开槽并设置中央下稳定板能有效提高大桥的颤振稳定性.     

吸喷结合式水翼水动力及空泡性能的数值分析

以NACA0012为研究对象,采用2种湍流模型对翼型绕流进行模拟,通过与实验值对比,确定了合理的湍流模型.分别计算分析了船用水翼添加前缘抽吸作用、后缘喷水作用、吸喷结合作用后,升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比的变化情况,结果表明,船用水翼在微吸水、喷水或吸喷结合作用下均提升了翼型的升阻比,起到了增效的作用.开展了翼型在无吸喷、单吸口、单喷口及吸喷结合形式下的定常与非定常空泡流动的数值模拟,计算结果表明,前缘吸水可以抑制空泡的发展,尾部喷水却会使翼型空泡分布扩大化,吸喷结合形式较为适中;针对翼型的3种改进均使空泡周期增长,可抑制单位时间内空泡云的脱落,减少对水翼表面的剥蚀.     

正交试验设计在客车外围流场空气动力学特性研究中的应用

影响客车外围流场空气动力学特性的因素较多,各个因素需要研究的水平也较多。应用正交试验设计方法确定模拟计算方案,不但可极大地降低计算分析工作量,还能得到较优方案。     

摩托车及驾驶员气动特性的数值模拟研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)的数值模拟技术,研究摩托车部件及驾驶员对整车气动特性的影响.对通过数值模拟获得的摩托车周围的流场、气动阻力系数和速度分布进行了深入分析;就风挡导流罩、驾驶员和摩托车本身的不同组合对整车气动阻力的影响进行了归纳;最后提出了一些减小摩托车气动阻力的具体建议.     

Fluid forces acting on three and four long side-by-side flexible cylinders undergoing flow-induced vibration(FIV)

Multiple side-by-side cylinders are widely employed in many engineering applications. Consequently, flow-induced vibrations (FIV), which have a significant influence on structural reliability, have drawn considerable concern from many investigators. Due to the complicated wake interactions behind the cylinders, the hydrodynamic characteristics of multiple side-by-side cylinders subject to FIV are obviously different from those of a single cylinder. Hydrodynamic force coefficients play an important role in evaluating structural reliability and predicting fatigue damage. However, few relevant investigations have been performed on hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple side-by-side flexible cylinders, which require further research. In this paper, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of three and four side-by-side flexible cylinders with a spacing ratio of 6.0 are obtained by an inverse analysis method based on the oscillation displacements. In the resonance regions, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple cylinders exhibit variation trends similar to those of a single cylinder, especially at higher reduced velocities. In the mode switch regions, relatively large deviations exist between the coefficients of multiple cylinders and single cylinder. The inner cylinder in the three-cylinder system shows prominently distinctive behaviour compared with the outer two cylinders. For the four-cylinder system in a side-by-side arrangement, the outer two cylinders show relatively slight differences between each other compared with the inner two cylinders.     

A study of jack-up leg drag coefficients

The accurate prediction of drag coefficients for truss-type jack-up legs is an important part of a unit's design. Over the past 14 years, a series of windtunnel tests have been conducted on both square and triangular cross-section leg configurations. A calculation method which closely fits the model test data has also been adopted. A previous paper described the early testing and the MMEC calculation method for square legs. Since then, testing and research have continued on both square and triangular leg designs. This paper describes the more recent testing performed on square legs, and it details the testing and the MMEC method for triangular legs. In addition, the effects of cornerpost design and surface roughness are discussed. Several example calculations are provided in Appendices.     

横风作用下高速列车安全运行速度限值的研究

横风作用下的列车安全运行速度限值应通过列车气动特性和车辆轨道动力学特性的分析得到。以我国CRH3型高速列车实车为原型,考虑真实受电弓、转向架等列车的细部特征,假定列车在平地上行驶,对列车速度分别为200、250、300、350和380km/h,横风速度分别为10、15、20、25和30m/s,风向角为90°的25个工况进行气动特性的数值模拟,并采用国内实测轨道谱和德国轨道谱分别对这25个工况的车辆轨道动力学性能进行仿真计算和对比分析。结合国家标准和技术规范,给出CRH3型列车在平地上运行时,横风风速与列车最大安全运行速度之间的对应关系,为横风作用下的列车运行安全控制提供参考。     

地铁列车车头外流场的数值仿真分析

随着地铁列车的速度不断提高,其空气动力性能也显得越来越重要。提出并建立地铁列车车头外流场计算模型,运用列车空气动力学原理并借助流体分析软件CFX对计算模型进行了仿真计算。根据计算结果,分析比较了各模型的外流场、压力场的分布,得出具有良好气动性能的车头外形设计参数,可供地铁列车外形设计作参考。     

强侧风不同挡风墙下棚车气动性能

选用车型为棚车,采用SIMPLEC算法和QUICK精度格式的数值计算方法对强侧风下不同挡风墙类型、不同路堤和挡风墙高度组合棚车的气动性能进行研究.研究结果表明:在防风效果上,土堤式挡风墙最差,加筋对拉式挡风墙相对最优;挡风墙类型为加筋对拉式,当路堤高度一定时,随着挡风墙高度的增加,棚车的倾覆方向由顺风倾覆向逆风倾覆转变...