某型机载电子设备无失效数据可靠性研究

针对寿命试验过程中未出现失效样本,传统的可靠性分析方法不适用于分析该类产品可靠性的情况,以某型机载电子设备的无失效数据可靠性分析为例,采用贝叶斯无失效数据可靠性评估方法,并综合考虑失效率上限分析其可靠性水平。该方法的预测结果与试验数据相符,在一定置信水平下具有较高的预测精度。     

Analytical dynamic tire model

Modeling of tire friction is one of the central problems for vehicle control systems design. LuGre-type dynamic tire model has been proposed and well discussed in previous studies, because it offers a compact form of dynamic model that is convenient in advanced control studies. It has been successfully used in tire slip control design and vehicle state estimation problems. In this article, a concept of time-constrained Stribeck effect is introduced to interpret the mechanism of the LuGre friction model in predicting tire friction characteristics. A modified two-dimensional (2D) dynamic LuGre friction model is introduced to make it compatible with the governing theorem in the steady state. An analytical 2D modified LuGre-type dynamic tire model is developed, in which some fundamental limitations of classical LuGre models are eliminated. The main modifications involve a change in the structure of the 2D LuGre friction model, introduction of load-dependent parameters in 1D and 2D tire models, and a changed structure in the distributed parameter model. The proposed model is compared, in the steady state, to both the Magic Formula and the classical LuGre model. It improves model accuracy in the steady state and gives a physically reasonable distribution of the bristle deflection. A first-order lumped parameter (LP) nonlinear model, which has simpler structure than the distributed parameter model and the classical LP LuGre model, is then derived. Numerical simulations show that the proposed LP model has a good estimation for tire transient dynamics. Thus, the proposed model retains the merits of LuGre-type models and improves the agreement with observation and experimental data on friction force distribution along the patch and on the steady-state friction prediction.     

H ∞ parameter identification and H 2 feedback control synthesizing for inflight aircraft icing

Aircraft icing accident happens frequently. Researchers try to find new ways to solve this problem. The study is facing the direction of intelligent inspection and control system. Previous studies focused on the principle of aircraft icing and its effects on flight performance. The onboard icing detection equipment can only give the qualitative icing information, but cannot effectively describe how serious the consequences would be. If the icing detection equipment fails, it will cause a serious threat to flight safety. This paper reviews the smart icing system and its fundamental principle. Then based on H∞ theory, an aircraft icing parameter identification method is introduced, and its feasibility is verified by simulation results. Moreover, this method can work normally under noise interference and measurement error. Icing parameter identification method can also test part of aircraft’s stability or control derivatives which would be changed obviously after aircraft icing. Classified by neural networks, the stability or control derivatives’ variation can be mapped to ice parameters’ variation that reflects the severity of aircraft icing. Then H2 state feedback control is designed originally to suppress the impact of noise interference, so aircraft can keep steady after it is iced. Seeing from simulation result of the whole system, it is clear that the system can effectively detect icing parameters and by using feedback control system, it can ensure the safety of aircraft in the flight envelope.     

山区公路沥青路面基面层滑移破坏研究

针对山区公路沥青路面常见的基面层滑移破坏,为了提出有效的防治对策,首先,进行了现场调查和非均布荷载作用下的三维有限元计算。分析认为基面层滑移破坏的主要原因是沥青面层厚度较小、超载、高温、路线频繁的变坡以及施工质量较差;从而采用不同的层间处理措施进行了层间滑移室内模拟试验,并对不同温度下的层间抗剪强度进行了比较。结果表明:SBR乳化沥青具有较好的层间粘结能力和温度稳定性。最后,确定了层间抗剪设计指标,提出了基面层间采用SBR乳化沥青处理、进行层间抗剪验算、提高施工质量以及合理设计路线等防止基面层滑移的技术措施。     

子午线轮胎静态接触三维非线性有限元分析

采用三维实体单元对195／60R14规格子午线轮胎进行了三维非线性有限元分析，考虑了轮胎的几何非线性、材料非线性、橡胶-帘线复合材料的各向异性、轮胎与轮毂过盈配合以及轮胎接触非线性，给出了轮胎与地面接触过程中轮胎的变形情况、接触区形状变化、接触压力分布、载荷-变形关系等结果，对轮胎的设计和改进具有一定的指导意义。     

表面活化处理的废胶粉用于改性热拌沥青混合料

对废弃轮胎胶粉的酸值进行了测试，并据此进行了胶粉表面活化处理，再用作为沥青混合料的改性剂。用马歇尔试验、车辙试验和低温劈裂试验分别比较了活化胶粉与未活化胶粉改性后的沥青混合料性能变化。     

基于神经网络方法的台试轮胎滚动阻力模型研究

采用反拖测试方法,在双滚筒式底盘测功机上进行了大量有关轮胎滚动阻力影响因素(包括胎压、速度、载荷、胎温及轮胎的型号等)的交叉试验。以这些因素作为神经网络的训练输入参数,建立了台试轮胎滚动阻力神经网络模型。通过试验验证,用神经网络模型预估基于双滚筒测试的轮胎滚动阻力误差小于4%,为利用底盘测功机准确测试汽车动力性等工作奠定了基础。     

子午线轮胎滚动阻力的数值模拟

利用MSC．MARC软件对子午线轮胎的滚动阻力进行了三维有限元分析计算,对轮胎的胎体、带束层、胎圈等部位采用了rebar膜单元以及rebar实体单元进行模拟,采用Yeoh材料模式描述橡胶材料,对特定的子午胎在不同负荷、不同速度下的滚动阻力进行了预测,并将预测结果与实测值进行了比较。     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

航母编队作战效能模糊灰色综合评价方法研究

为研究有效打击敌航母编队对策提供决策支持,本文针对单纯采用模糊评价或灰色评价方法都不能客观、准确地评价航母编队作战效能大小这一问题,利用灰色聚类理论得到指标灰色统计量,构造作战效能模糊隶属度矩阵,建立了一种灰色评价与模糊评价相结合的作战效能综合评价方法.该方法能充分利用专家评判信息的模糊性与灰性,使航母编队作战效能综合评价的结果更为客观、准确.