预应力方桩混凝土施工质量的控制要点

结合黄骅港泰地液体化工码头工程的先张法预应力空心方桩施工，从混凝土原材料进场质量、混凝土含气量、拌合站计量偏差控制等环节，分析预应力高性能混凝土自身质量的控制要点。针对先张法预应力预制方桩混凝土施工过程出现的坍落度损失大、浮浆厚、钢筋保护层偏大、桩表面出现裂纹等一系列质量问题进行原因分析，提出有效保证混凝土施工质量的控制措施，从而确保后续预应力混凝土方桩的实体质量。     

Multi-objective optimization for asphalt pavement maintenance plans at project level: Integrating performance,cost and environment

Traditionally, asphalt pavement maintenance mainly considers pavement performance and cost and largely ignores the environment while substantial amount of environmental burdens are released in the process. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model was developed integrating the three elements in order to optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans at the project level. Pavement performance element was decided as the multiplier of pavement serviceability index and traffic volume. Cost element was represented by the net present value, including components of agency cost, vehicle operation cost and salvage value. Environmental element, integrating energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and respiratory effects potential, was measured by the life cycle assessment model. A hypothetic asphalt pavement maintenance case study was conducted using the developed multi-objective optimization model and harvested 103 sets of feasible combinations of maintenance plans, each of which is non-dominated by the others. Trade-offs analysis was performed among the three objectives and visualized in both two- and three-dimension forms. It is found there is an opportunity of reducing the cost and environmental impacts to 80.3% and 77.8% and increasing the pavement performance to 146.6% compared to the base case. However, they are mutually compromised and cannot be reached simultaneously. The developed model reveals the quantitatively interactive relationship of the three objectives and helps optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans.     

Environmentally appraising different pavement and construction scenarios: A comparative analysis for a typical local road

The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of environmental impacts for different scenarios of a typical local road. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the modeling tool used to quantify and characterize comparative environmental impacts. In carrying out this specific application of the LCA, different road construction techniques were considered with regards to the whole structure and compared in order to identify the best alternative in terms of environmental sustainability.So far, in fact, typical LCA frameworks of roads have focused on recycled materials for pavement layers only, thus neglecting study of the materials used in the embankment or in the subgrade. In this study, these materials were included too, in order to prove the environmental benefit of using a sustainable technique such as in situ stabilization of fine soils with lime (typically dumped clayey soils) in order to reduce the need for virgin material for embankment and subgrade construction.When using different percentages of recycled materials (such as reclaimed asphalt pavement – RAP) in the bituminous layer or in the foundation, the analysis of the functional unit studied shows a significant reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions mainly due to transportation of materials involved, in this way increasing the environmental performance of the road.Another important consideration is that the use of fine soils stabilized with lime “in situ”, instead of dumping it, not only is a good technical solution for improving soil mechanical properties, but it also produces a reduction of energy consumption and of pollutant emissions. It is noticeable that this technique results in a significant reduction of pollutant emissions due the transportation of involved materials, increasing the environmental performance of the road.     

粗纤维增强钢筋混凝土截面的时效分析

将粗合成纤维用于隧道管片衬砌可以提高其强度,但在持续弯曲荷载作用下构件会随时间发生蠕变和出现裂缝。随着对混凝土裂缝应对能力的提升,粗合成纤维作为一种可用的替代品,凭借优良的经济性和耐久性等优势,在隧道管片制作中将得到越来越广泛的应用。文章基于时效特性分析了在持续弯矩和轴向应力作用下,粗纤维增强钢筋混凝土横截面的蠕变和收缩效应,并通过算例进行了验证。研究结果表明:混凝土中的纤维对于提高构件横截面的抗弯强度作用有限,但是纤维减少了构件在服役期间的蠕变,并且当纤维与普通钢筋共同作用时,能显著减少最大裂缝的宽度值。     

基于数据驱动的机场水泥混凝土道面性能退化预测

针对机场道面性能退化过程的精确预测问题，本文采用数据驱动的机场道面预测性维护方法，通过指示变量将两种数据集进行联合分析，考虑机场道面性能退化过程受飞行交通量和道面面层厚度的影响，以机场道面性能状况指数衰变的非线性函数为期望函数，建立一种机场道面性能退化双参数预测模型；根据模型的参数估计结果，采用边际效应分析结合预测性能曲线图示，对不同飞行交通量水平和不同道面厚度等级的道面性能退化过程预测进行分析。结果表明，采用数据驱动和非线性混合效应方法，搭载联合估计技术，能较为显著地提高机场道面性能退化预测的精度和效果。     

不确定条件下机场群系统均衡配流模型研究

为探索客流在机场群的分布规律，以整个航空出行链为视角，综合考虑空中交通、地面交通和旅客出行选择偏好，构建机场群系统均衡配流模型.以路径时间、机场停留时间、出行票价和旅客类型为主要参考属性，提出机场群系统旅客出行成本模型.由于路径时间与流量相关且存在不确定性，基于预算超出时间对路径时间的均值与方差进行统一度量.综合路径时间、出行票价、机场停留时间与旅客类型，基于Logit模型建立旅客对航空出行路径的选择模型，将机场群系统的客流均衡条件转换为变分不等式.基于投影收缩算法对变分不等式求解，从而得出客流在机场群间的均衡分布状态.算例结果表明，机场群系统均衡配流模型有效建立了客流分布状态，调整路径时间、机场服务水平、票价等因素均可促进客流在机场群间的均衡分布.     

高速铁路路基全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构

提出1种高速铁路路基全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构,基于该结构工作状态,分析其主要功能特性,设计碾压密实高模量沥青混凝土。将全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构应用于工程试验段,跟踪监测其服役特性。结果表明:试验段轨道结构及路堤基床动力性能均满足规范限值要求;试验段基床含水量维持在8%~18%,受天气影响小,而邻近的纤维混凝土对照段基床含水量为10%~35%,随天气波动显著;试验段沥青混凝土的吸热作用,使得路肩处基床温度较对照段大;试验段路基竖向变形监测值较对照段稍大,但均满足限值要求;试验段沥青混凝土与底座等接触情况良好,无松散剥落等病害,仅在底座板接缝处有数条裂缝,而对照段出现较多的纵横向裂缝,严重影响其防水封闭效果;沥青混凝土修补方便,可维护性高。     

沥青路面罩面设计方法综述

近20a来，我国高等级公路建设发展迅猛，在公路里程不断增长的同时，也面临着严峻的养护任务，其中罩面是公路管理部门最为关心、也是应用最为广泛的一种养护措施。对现阶段国内外主要的沥青路面罩面设计方法进行了简要的介绍，并对其优缺点进行了较为全面的分析。     

沥青路面就地热再生技术特点及工艺

从就地热再生技术的原理出发,分析了就地热再生技术的特点及适用条件,讨论了就地热再生技术的施工工艺流程以及施工质量的保证措施。     

"双掺技术"在结构自防水混凝土中的应用

在混凝土中掺入膨胀剂(UEA)和粉煤灰,采用结构自防水及无缝施工技术,针对某公司办公楼地下室,将原后浇带位置改为"膨胀加强带",带内用掺量占总胶凝材料用量12%的膨胀剂拌制的大膨胀混凝土浇筑,带间增加10~15%的水平温度筋,带的两侧分别架设孔径为5mm的钢丝网,并用立筋加固,整体结构外观质量良好,没有出现裂纹及渗漏现象,使混凝土具有结构自防水功能.