民用机场建设贯彻国防要求初探

民用机场具有重要的平战运输保障功能,在民用机场规划设计、新建及改扩建过程中,不失时机地提出国防要求并加以落实,可为提高机场平战时航空军事运输保障功能、增强航空战略投送能力奠定坚实基础。阐述了民用机场的国防与军事价值,分析了我国民用机场建设贯彻国防要求存在的主要问题,探讨了民用机场贯彻国防要求的项目、内容及技术要求等,为民用机场建设贯彻国防要求提供技术参考。     

机场水泥混凝土道面飞机荷载影响深度分析

荷载影响深度是研究机场道面沉降的重要参数。本文采用ABAQUS有限元软件为平台,针对4C、4D和4E等级机场分别提出了相应的＂道面结构-飞机荷载＂组合形式,并借鉴公路研究思路,通过对比基础内的荷载应力与自重应力,分别采用σZ/σB=0.1和σZ/σB=0.2两种判断标准,得到了不同土质、不同等级机场条件下的基础影响深度。研究表明,不同土质对基础影响深度的影响非常小;不同等级机场的基础影响深度相差可达100%。     

基于灰色多层次的机场投资风险评价研究

根据全面性、系统性、科学性与可行性相结合的原则,针对机场投资的特点,建立了机场投资风险评价指标体系。运用可拓相似系数法和灰色多层次评价相结合的综合评价法对机场投资风险进行评价。以衡阳机场为例,进行了风险评价研究,得出综合评价值。     

不确定条件下机场群系统均衡配流模型研究

为探索客流在机场群的分布规律,以整个航空出行链为视角,综合考虑空中交通、地面交通和旅客出行选择偏好,构建机场群系统均衡配流模型.以路径时间、机场停留时间、出行票价和旅客类型为主要参考属性,提出机场群系统旅客出行成本模型.由于路径时间与流量相关且存在不确定性,基于预算超出时间对路径时间的均值与方差进行统一度量.综合路径时间、出行票价、机场停留时间与旅客类型,基于Logit模型建立旅客对航空出行路径的选择模型,将机场群系统的客流均衡条件转换为变分不等式.基于投影收缩算法对变分不等式求解,从而得出客流在机场群间的均衡分布状态.算例结果表明,机场群系统均衡配流模型有效建立了客流分布状态,调整路径时间、机场服务水平、票价等因素均可促进客流在机场群间的均衡分布.     

预应力道面在机场工程中的优势与应用前景

通过对预应力混凝土道面和普通混凝土道面结构进行结构性能和经济性能对比分析。结果表明:预应力混凝土道面在改善结构整体性,增强结构抵抗环境温度效应能力等方面优于普通水泥混凝土道面;预应力道面在初期建设费用比普通混凝土道面高出16%,但后期养护及改扩建费用前者比后者低,利用净现值法计算总费用最高可降低27.57%。预应力道面可以节约大量资源,显著提高社会效益,在场道工程中是一种值得大力推广的道面形式。     

机场应急救援体系构建的探析——哈德逊河成功迫降案例引起的思考

机场作为航空运输和城市的基础设施,是综合交通运输体系的重要组成部门。机场应急救援体系是机场安全管理的重要组成部分,也是民航安全管理的重要构成,其质量直接关系到整个航空系统的安全。文中概述了哈德逊河迫降的经过,分析哈德逊河迫降的成功之处,提出在构建机场应急救援体系中的建议。     

机场航站楼信息弱电系统发展趋势及其节能设计

本文对机场航站楼信息弱电系统进行了梳理,对其各个系统组成进行了定位,描述了各类系统的技术发展趋势,并据其提出相应的节能技术措施,从节能角度为信息弱电系统的设计提供了方向性指导。     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

Optimal tank-trailer routing using the ILOG constraint programming – a Taiwan case study

Abstract

This paper investigates the routing of pressurized tank trailers and proposes a scheduling plan which ensures the practical delivery of industrial gases under the objective of reducing transportation costs. Using constraint programming, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that incorporates both hard and soft constraints for routing and scheduling tank trailers. Hard constraints are resource and safety/regulation constraints, whereas soft constraints are utilization and efficiency constraints. This approach enables tank-trailer routing and scheduling management to consider different combinations of parameters and view the results in ‘real-time.’ The routing and scheduling results based on a case study in Taiwan fulfil the goals of avoiding risks associated with transporting industrial gases, and attaining efficient delivery while conforming to regulations and consistent with good business practice. The results also suggest that significant economies in distribution costs are possible.