物流中心选址与规模的层次优化模型

同时考虑生产商和分销商的利益,采用双层规划模型来描述物流中心选择以及规模问题.上层规划从生产商的角度出发,通过调整物流中心位置及规模使生产商的生产成本、运输成本和经营成本最小；下层规划从分销商的角度出发,通过调整从各个物流中心进货的数量使自身的平均运输成本最低.设计了基于遗传算法的求解方法,并用数值算例验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

应用广义最大覆盖模型进行公路养护应急中心布局选址研究

应用广义最大覆盖模型方法在江西省国省道公路网络中进行公路养护应急中心布局选址,将养护应急中心设置在县级及以上行政中心点上,在点的服务半径已知的条件下,求解如何设立数量最少的点便可覆盖所有区域.     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

Optimization of horizontal alignment geometry in road design and reconstruction

This paper presents a general formulation for optimization of horizontal road alignment, composed of tangential segments and circular curves suitably connected with transition curves (clothoids). It consists of a constrained optimization problem where the objective function is given by a line integral along the layout. The integrand is a function representing the cost of the road going through each point and, by considering different costs, a wide range of problems can be included in this formulation. To show it, we apply this methodology to three different situations. The two first cases are related with the design of a new road layout and used to solve a pair of academic examples. The third problem deals with the improvement of a road adapting the old path to current legislation, and it is solved taking as case study the reconstruction project for a regional road (NA-601) in the north of Spain.     

公路石料的勘探、选址与加工的技术探讨

为了适应目前高速公路的快速发展,特针对公路石料的勘探、选址与加工的技术进行分析研究,为工程可行性研究阶段、初步设计阶段、施工阶段以及养护阶段料场的选择提供参考。     

石河子互通式立交改扩建方案比选

依据交通量预测与通行能力分析,结合石河子互通式立交的现状,提出改扩建方案,并从经济、技术、收费制式等方面进行改扩建方案比选,可为其他互通式立交的改扩建提供参考.     

公路实时三维可视化系统构架

基于公路CAD研究成果以及计算机图形学领域的最新发展,提出高性能、高扩展性的公路实时三维可视化系统构架,讨论了地形原始数据的预处理、地表三维建模、道路三维建模、道路模型与地形模型的实时整合、景观及附属设施三维建模、高效的场景管理、地形层次细节模型等功能设计与软件实现技术,并采用设计模式设计了类之间的组织模型,利用C 和DirectX 9.0c开发了公路实时三维可视化原型系统。最后依托实际工程项目对原型系统进行了测试和验证,实现了实时三维可视化手段对公路设计过程的支持以及对设计成果进行实时评价的目的。     

GZ25宁夏段黄土路基纵向开裂成因及防治方法研究

为了探讨湿陷性黄土地区高速公路的建设方法和经验,以GZ25宁夏段黄土路基纵向开裂破坏为实例,以室内试验及现场破坏路段解剖试验数据为依据,研究了湿陷性黄土的时空变化规律,并提出了湿陷性黄土地区道路线位选择的合理方法和湿陷路基的有效治理方案。研究认为:选择合理的路线线位,设计有效的排水系统,是避免路基湿陷性破坏的关键;湿陷性黄土的渗透规律是纵向大于横向,先期大于后期,野外实测值明显大于室内试验值,所以,对于路基湿陷性破坏评价和防治措施,应主要参考野外实测值;避免路基湿陷性破坏应以预防为主,治理黄土湿陷的关键是治水。     

克隆选择算法在一类有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题中的应用

根据有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题的特点,以新增物流配送中心获取最大的市场占有量为目标函数,建立了有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题的数学模型。由于建立的数学模型是一个高维、非线性、非凸性,并具有多个局部极值点的复杂函数优化问题,传统确定性优化算法很难求解得到问题的最优解或满意解。为此,提出将一种新型的启发式进化算法——克隆选择算法用于求解建立的数学模型,并详细描述了应用克隆选择算法求解数学模型的方法和步骤。仿真试验表明,克隆选择算法求解有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题是可行而有效的,并且具有收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强和稳定性好的优点。     

沥青混凝土摊铺机的选型以及对平整度的影响

介绍了沥青混凝土摊铺机的基本知识,分析了在摊铺机选型时应注意的问题,同时对道路施工过程中摊铺机以及摊铺作业对路面平整度的影响进行了探讨。