The built environment and travel behavior in urban China: A literature review

Interests in studying of the built environment impacts on travel behavior have proliferated from North America to other parts of the world including China. Until very recently, there has been very little research into travel behavior in China. However, during the last decade, there has been a fast growing interest in studying the built environment and travel behavior in Chinese cities, perhaps motivated by China’s unprecedented urbanization and rapid urban transport development. Case studies from China provide new insights into the impacts of built environment on travel behavior that can help to enrich existing scholarship. However, currently there is a generally poor understanding of the role played by Chinese research and how it has enriched the international literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing studies in and outside China by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars. The focus is on the contribution of these studies to the international literature. We identify four areas of contribution: how the built environment has been developed and its implications for travel behavior; the importance of housing sources in defining residential built environment and explaining travel behavior; the unique Danwei (or work unit) perspective on jobs-housing relationships and commuting behavior; and the importance of neighborhood types in explaining travel behavior in Chinese cities. The findings from this review should be relevant for researchers interested in developing future studies that will further advance geographic knowledge of the built environment and travel behavior, specifically in China and with broader global contexts.     

The influences of past and present residential locations on vehicle ownership decisions

This study explores the relationship between historical exposure to the built environment and current vehicle ownership patterns. The influence of past exposure to the built environment on current vehicle ownership decisions may be causal, but there are alternative explanations. Households may primarily select to live in neighborhoods that facilitate their vehicle ownership preferences, or they may retain preferences that they have developed in the past, irrespective of their current situations. This study seeks to control for these alternative explanations by including the built environment attributes of households’ past residences as an influence on vehicle ownership choices. We use a dataset from a credit reporting firm that contains up to nine previous residential ZIP codes for households currently living in the 13-county Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area. Results show that past location is significant, but of marginal influence relative to the attributes of the current location. From a practical perspective, our results suggest that models that include current but not past neighborhood attributes (also controlling for standard socioeconomic variables) can forecast vehicle ownership decisions reasonably well. However, models that include both current and past neighborhood attributes can provide a more nuanced understanding of the built environment’s potentially causal influences on vehicle ownership decisions. This better understanding may provide more realistic forecasts of responses to densification or other travel demand management strategies.     

建成环境对城市停车需求影响的非线性模型

为精细化把握城市建设项目在微观空间尺度下的停车需求规律，从空间视角探究停车需 求与建成环境之间的关系。通过高峰小时建筑物单位面积的停车生成数表征停车需求，以土地 利用混合度、路网密度、公交服务水平等9个因子描述建成环境，分别构建建成环境对停车需求影 响的普通最小二乘(Ordinary Least Squares，OLS)模型与梯度提升迭代决策树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree，GBDT)模型。以保定市主城区停车调查数据中的商业类配建停车场为对象，基于 停车调查数据、兴趣点数据(Point of Interst，POI)、道路网络数据等多源异构数据进行模型实证分 析。结果表明，考虑非线性效应的GBDT模型比OLS模型具有更好的拟合度。从影响贡献度来 看，配建指标(18.92%)与区位(15.23%)是影响停车需求的最重要建成环境因素，交叉口密度 (5.19%)贡献度最小；在非线性关系方面，建成环境因子与停车需求均具有非线性关系与阈值效 应，除交叉口密度及人口密度与停车需求呈现U型关系，其余因素与停车需求的关系整体上保持 正相关或负相关。     

爆炸性气体环境生产场所的电气设计

论述了爆炸性气体生产场所电气设计工作中的一些要点,通过实例介绍了爆炸性气体生产场所电气设计工作需遵照的规范要求和采取的安全措施。     

从小磨公路谈勘察设计典型示范工程

以云南小磨公路为例,介绍公路勘察设计典型示范工程的勘察设计新理念,以及相关注意事项.     

室内热舒适性与室内空气参数的关系探讨

本文对目前的一些主要的热舒适性指标进行了论述和评价,并结合实验数据,对室内空调设计参数与本实验得出的舒适区进行比较,认为我国现有的空调房间的空气设计参数基本合理.     

关于城市建设中一些环境岩土工程问题的探讨

概括介绍了环境岩土工程的应用领域。通过环境科学与土力学的结合,改变运用传统的方法解决各种岩土工程问题。对城市建设中的若干环境岩土工程问题及桩基施工与工程降水所产生的工程问题等方面作了探讨。     

用碱性裂解法提取人血凝块中基因组DNA

目的建立一种新的从人血凝块中提取基因组DNA的方法。方法血凝块于室温自然解冻,匀浆,碱消化,酚氯仿抽提,电泳检测。结果用碱性裂解法从人血凝块中成功提取到基因组DNA,提取的DNA质量浓度平均为0.46 g/L,且吸光度比值A260/A280>1.8,选取人Gpx-1基因作PCR获得满意的目的片段。结论用碱性裂解法提取的基因组DNA的总量较高,提取效率高,PCR扩增效果好,可很好的应用于血凝块基因组DNA的提取。     

公路建设与环境保护

分析了公路交通建设所引发的各种环境问题及其产生原因，提出了在公路建设中保护生态环境的措施和对策。     

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城市化进程中出现的公路街道化现象给吴江市公路路政管理部门带来了很大困难，本文提出开展公路交通环境与管理规划工作，采用定量管理法，对公路建筑控制区管理、非公路交通标志及路边构造物管理、公路交叉道口管理制定切实可行的控制指标，为吴江市公路路政管理提供确实依据，制止公路街道现象的蔓延．