智能运输系统(ITS)与城市交通 可持续发展的探讨

随着经济的快速发展,城市的机动车数量不断增加,能源日益短缺,交通拥挤程度日益加剧,“可持续性交通”的概念就这样产生了.“可持续性经济增长”已经成为了全球共同关注的词汇,论文中提到的“可持续性交通”也是其中的一个关键组成环节.在许多大中城市,机动车 的尾气排放已经成为城市大气污染的主要因素,影响了城市居民的生活质量和身体健康.智能运输系统ITS (Intelligent Transportation System)的产生正符合了改善环境、节约能源的要求对于我国发展可持续交通有着重要意义.     

清洁交通若干问题的探讨

针对由于交通规模的不断扩大所带来的交通环境问题,提出了一种新型的交通建设与运行模式——清洁交通,阐述了其概念、内涵和运行体系,并建立了相应的评价体系.最后以清洁交通规划和燃气汽车为例对清洁交通的发展进行了初步探讨.     

在VB中实现报表打印的两种方法

介绍打印报表的方法,尤其是第2种方法能够将VB中的数据输出到Word里面,以便利用Word的打印功能.     

铁路客票发售和预订系统及其总体结构

铁路客票发售和预订系统历经多年建设,已建成覆盖全路的超大型应用系统.系统的体系结构、网络环境以及关键技术对其他应用系统均具有较强的指导和借鉴意义.综合论述系统的发展沿革、总体结构和最新的业务发展.     

浅议施工机械发展技术与环保

施工机械的发展应重视环境保护。介绍了改善发动机废气污染、降低发动机和整机热污染以及降低施工机械噪声的措施。以期能为施工机械的发展提供一些参考。     

广州地铁五号线火车站站方案设计

广州地铁五号线火车站站周边环境复杂,外部控制条件较多,通过对其控制条件的分析,使本站的建筑结构方案的选择打破了地铁车站常规模式。车站的结构形式比较适合于周围的建筑条件,便于旅客的换乘,在某些方面具有独一性、创新性。     

复杂环境下深路堑大面积石方控制爆破技术研究

近年来环海观光公路发展迅速,但在修建过程中常常需要进行爆破施工,而爆破区域地处海滨区,周边环境较为复杂,爆破难度大、要求高,严重制约工程进度。滨海路蓬莱段公路工程施工,线路两侧民房、养殖场、军事设施众多,距离最近民房仅为10m,是该项目施工的重难点。本文结合工程实际,对复杂环境下深路堑大面积石方控制爆破技术进行研究,针对不同开挖破碎区域分别采用浅孔爆破、深孔控制爆破以及深孔松动爆破的方法进行爆破作业,并对相关的爆破参数及施工工艺进行探讨分析。     

Application of multi-criteria decision analysis methods for assessing walkability: A case study in Porto Alegre,Brazil

The concept of walkability refers to the extent to which a neighbourhood is walking-friendly. Several walkability indexes have been developed to quantify and evaluate the pedestrian environment. These indexes differ in terms of type of data, methods and goals. The indexes variables may present either uniform or distinct weights, defined by arbitrary, empirical or other diverse weighting methods. This paper pursues the determination of a weighted walkability index, constructed on the basis of the relative importance of their attributes. Weights were determined by the application of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a robust multi-criteria method which considers the experts’ uncertainty in decision making. Moreover, FAHP weights were compared with the attribute weights obtained from other simpler methods, and a chi-square test for homogeneity was computed to compare the obtained values. The three most important walkability attributes were: Public Security, Traffic Safety and Pavement Quality, similar results to the ones found in the literature. The application to a case study in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, allowed categorizing the studied neighbourhoods and to analyse the effect of changes on attributes in walkability.     

Field implementation feasibility study of cumulative travel‐time responsive (CTR) traffic signal control algorithm

The cumulative travel‐time responsive (CTR) algorithm determines optimal green split for the next time interval by identifying the maximum cumulative travel time (CTT) estimated under the connected vehicle environment. This paper enhanced the CTR algorithm and evaluated its performance to verify a feasibility of field implementation in a near future. Standard Kalman filter (SKF) and adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) were applied to estimate CTT for each phase in the CTR algorithm. In addition, traffic demand, market penetration rate (MPR), and data availability were considered to evaluate the CTR algorithm's performance. An intersection in the Northern Virginia connected vehicle test bed is selected for a case study and evaluated within vissim and hardware in the loop simulations. As expected, the CTR algorithm's performance depends on MPR because the information collected from connected vehicle is a key enabling factor of the CTR algorithm. However, this paper found that the MPR requirement of the CTR algorithm could be addressed (i) when the data are collected from both connected vehicle and the infrastructure sensors and (ii) when the AKF is adopted. The minimum required MPRs to outperform the actuated traffic signal control were empirically found for each prediction technique (i.e., 30% for the SKF and 20% for the AKF) and data availability. Even without the infrastructure sensors, the CTR algorithm could be implemented at an intersection with high traffic demand and 50–60% MPR. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the field implementation of the CTR algorithm to improve the traffic network performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Travel mode choices in small cities of China: A case study of Changting

The existing literature on urban transportation planning in China focuses primarily on large cities and neglects small cities. This paper aims to fill part of the knowledge gap by examining travel mode choice in Changting, a small city that has been experiencing fast spatial expansion and growing transportation problems. Using survey data collected from 1470 respondents on weekdays and weekends, the study investigates the relationship between mode choice and individuals’ socio-economic characteristics, trip characteristics, attitudes, and home and workplace built environments. While more than 35 percent of survey respondents are car owners, walk, bicycle, e-bike, and motorcycle still account for over 85 percent of trips made during peak hours. E-bike and motorcycle are the dominant means of travel on weekdays, but many people shift to walking and cycling on weekends, making non-motorized and semi-motorized travel especially important for non-commuting trips. Results of multinomial logistic regression show that: (1) job-housing balance might exert different effects on mode choice in different types of urban areas; (2) negative attitude towards e-bike and motorcycle is associated with more walking and cycling; and (3) land use diversity of workplace is related to commuting mode choice on weekdays, while land use diversities of both residential and activity places do not significantly affect mode choice on weekends. Our findings imply that planning and design for small cities needs to differentiate land use and transportation strategies in various types of areas, and to launch outreach programs to shift people’s mode choice from motorized travel to walking and cycling.