Spatial transferability assessment of a composite walkability index: The Pedestrian Index of the Environment (PIE)

This paper analyzes the transferability of a composite walkability index, the Pedestrian Index of the Environment (PIE), to the Greater Montréal Area (GMA). The PIE was developed in Portland, Oregon, and is based on proprietary data. It combines six urban form variables into a score ranging from 20 to 100. The measure introduces several methodological refinements which have not been applied concurrently in previous efforts: a wide coverage of the different dimensions of the urban form, together with the use of a distance-based decay function and modelling-based weighing of the variables.This measure is applied to the GMA using local data in order to evaluate the feasibility of its transfer (the possibility of locally replicating the measure). It is then included in a series of mode choice models to assess its transferability (the capacity of the measure to describe walkability and predict mode choice in another urban area). The models, segmented by trip distance or trip purpose, are estimated and validated against observed trip data from the 2013 Origin-Destination survey.Significant positive correlation is found between the PIE and the choice of walking for short trips, for all purposes as well as for four specific trip purposes. The inclusion of the PIE also improves the accuracy of the modelling process as well as the prediction of the choice of walking for short trips. The PIE can therefore be used in the GMA, and potentially in other metropolitan areas, to improve the modelling of travel behavior for short trips.     

Influences of built environment characteristics and individual factors on commuting distance: A multilevel mixture hazard modeling approach

Concerns over transportation energy consumption and green-household gas (GHG) emissions have prompted a growing body of research into the influence of built environment on travel behavior. Studies on the relationship between land use and travel behavior are often at a certain aggregated spatial unit such as traffic analysis zone (TAZ), spatial issues occur among individuals clustered within a zone because of the locational effects. However, recognition of the spatial issues in travel modeling was not sufficiently investigated yet. The object of this study is twofold. First, a multilevel hazard model was applied to accommodate the spatial context in which individuals generate commuting distance. Second, this research provides additional insights into examine the effects of socio-demographics and built environment on commuting distance. Using Washington metropolitan area as the case, the built environment measures were calculated for each TAZ. To estimate the model parameters, the robust maximum likelihood estimation method for a partial function was used, and the model results confirmed the important roles that played by the TAZ and individual level factors in influencing commuting distance. Meanwhile, a comparison among the general multilevel model, single level and multilevel hazard models was conducted. The results suggest that application of the multilevel hazard-based model obtains significant improvements over traditional model. The significant spatial heterogeneity parameter indicates that it is necessary to accommodate the spatial issues in the context of commuting distance. The results are expected to give urban planners a better understanding on how the TAZ and individual level factors influence the commuting distance, and consequently develop targeted countermeasures.     

高原环境下增压器压气机叶轮轮毂疲劳可靠性研究

针对涡轮增压器压气机叶轮在高原地区工作时潜在的轮毂疲劳失效模式,研究了高原环境下涡轮增压器转速的变化规律以及压气机叶轮轮毂疲劳失效危险部位的应力。在此基础上,建立了增压器压气机叶轮的轮毂疲劳可靠度计算模型,分析了增压器压气机叶轮轮毂疲劳可靠度随不同海拔高度的变化规律。研究表明,当发动机在高海拔地区工作时,涡轮增压器压气机叶轮发生轮毂疲劳失效的风险在增大,随着海拔高度的增加,压气机叶轮轮毂的疲劳可靠性在降低。     

对新媒体环境下把握高校突发事件舆论主导权的因素与路径分析

当前,我国正处在经济社会剧烈转型的多元时代,矛盾问题集中凸显,突发事件易发高发,特别是在新媒体环境下,舆情应对任务日益艰巨繁重。高校作为大量人群集中和文化社会群体的特殊性,很容易引发突发事件,并成为社会媒介炒作的题材和人们关注的焦点,处置不当必然将严重影响学校和社会的安全稳定。     

大数据环境下的城市交通综合评估技术

伴随城市蔓延、轨道交通成网、用地开发等发展条件,大城市综合交通环境日益复杂。如何拓展评估边界、深化评估技术、提升评估频率和延伸评估视角成为传统城市交通评估技术体系面临的四个关键问题。首先介绍交通领域大数据的组成、特征及应用情况。通过深度挖掘交通运行产生的多源异构数据,建立集统计、关联、预测于一体的交通大数据分析平台和专题评估子系统,形成面向多层次、多领域应用需求的一体化综合交通模型体系。最后,基于深圳市的应用实践情况,阐述城市交通综合评估技术从城市到区域、从宏观到微观、从静态到动态、从土地到环境的转变。     

级环境下叶片表面粗糙度对压气机气动性能的影响

采用数值方法,在压气机级环境下研究了叶片表面粗糙度对压气机内部流场及特性参数的影响.结果表明,叶片粗糙度对压气机的主要性能参数影响明显;随着叶片粗糙度的增大,压气机级性能衰减加剧,叶轮叶片表面粗糙度增加到100μm以上时,在近失速工况下压气机的总压比和等熵效率下降达10%以上,压气机内气流能量损失增大,尤其是靠近叶轮前缘中上部的气流能量损失严重,同时引起叶片端壁温度升高.     

小水线面双体船抗冲击特性数值研究

文章介绍了小水线面双体船型的特点,阐述其在军事领域的应用和发展前景。运用数值仿真方法计算水下非接触爆炸作用下小水线面双体船的结构变形和冲击环境,分析此船型结构抗冲击特性和全船冲击环境特点,提出在抗冲击设计时的重点设计区域和优化方向,为其军事应用提供技术积累。     

地下连续墙挖槽施工诱发建筑物振动的实测与分析

挖槽施工时间占地下连续墙施工时间的一半左右,施工时间长,产生振动大,需要对其诱发的建筑物振动进行评估。以南昌地铁一号线子八区间施工为工程背景,对工地附近的一座商场在挖槽施工过程中的振动响应进行了现场测试,分析了振动在建筑物内的传播和衰减规律。分析结果表明,成槽机产生的振动较小,可以满足要求;冲击钻施工时会产生较大振动,在10~20 Hz的范围内可能会超过标准,不宜在夜间施工。     

Transportation carbon dioxide emissions by built environment and family lifecycle: Case study of the Osaka metropolitan area

How a city grows and changes, along with where people choose to live likely affects travel behavior, and thus the amount of transportation CO₂ emissions that they produce. People generally go through different stages in their life, and different travel needs are associated with each. The impact of the built environment may vary depending on the lifecycle stage, and the years spent at each stage will differ. A family with children may last for twenty to thirty years, while the time spent without dependents might be short in comparison. Over a family’s lifecycle, how big of a difference might the built environment, through household location choice, have on the amount of transportation CO₂ emissions produced? From a climate change perspective, how significant is residential location on the CO₂ produced by transportation use? This paper uses data from the Osaka metropolitan area to compare the direct transportation CO₂ emissions produced over a family’s lifecycle across five different built environments to determine whether any are sustainable and which lifecycle stage has the greatest overall emissions. This understanding would enable the design of a targeted policy based on household lifecycle to reduce overall transportation CO₂ of individuals throughout one’s lifecycle. The yearly average per-capita family lifetime transportation CO₂ emissions were 0.25, 0.35, 0.58, 0.78, and 0.79 metric tonnes for the commercial, mixed-commercial, mixed-residential, autonomous, and rural areas respectively. The results show that only the commercial and mixed-commercial areas were considered to be sustainable from a climate change and transportation perspective.     

浅析利用竞争情报提升船舶设计/制造企业的核心竞争力

简要叙述了竞争情报在船舶设计/制造企业的发展和市场竞争中的战略地位,并通过对科技情报与竞争情报的区别、竞争情报的模式、企业竞争情报的获取途径和目前开展竞争情报工作亟待解决的问题的分析,阐明利用竞争情报提升船舶设计/制造企业的核心竞争力的可行性和必要性.