A theoretical foundation for the relationship between generalized origin–destination matrix and flow matrix based on ordinal graph trajectories

This paper shows the relationship between flow, generalized origin–destination (OD), and alternative route flow from a set of ordinal graph trajectories. In contrast to traffic assignment methods that employ OD matrix to produce flow matrix, we use ordinal trajectory on a network graph as input and produce both the generalized OD matrix and the flow matrix, with the alternative and substitute route flow matrices as additional outputs. By using linear algebra‐like operations on matrix sets, the relationship between network utilization (in terms of flow, generalized OD, alternative route flow, and desire line) and network structure (in terms of distance matrix and adjacency matrix) are derived. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incorporating sustainability assessment in transportation planning: an urban transportation vehicle-based approach

Environmental assessments are on the critical path for the development of land, infrastructure and transportation systems. These assessments are based on planning methods which, in turn, are subject to continuous enhancement. The substantial impacts of transportation on environment, society and economy strongly urge the incorporation of sustainability into transportation planning. Two major developments that enhance transportation sustainability are new fuels and vehicle power systems. Traditional planning ignores technology including the large differences among conventional, hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and buses. The introduction of alternative fuel vehicles is likely to change the traditional transportation planning process because different characteristics need to be taken into account. In this study a sustainability framework is developed that enables assessment of transportation vehicle characteristics. Identified indicators are grouped in five sustainability dimensions (Environment, Technology, Energy, Economy and Users). Our methodology joins life cycle impacts and a set of quantified indicators to assess the sustainability performance of seven popular light-duty vehicles and two types of transit buses. Bus Rapid Transit receives the highest sustainability index and the pickup truck the lowest. Hybrid electric vehicles are found to have the highest sustainability index among all other passenger vehicles. A sensitivity analysis shows the proposed sustainability dimensions produce robust sustainability assessment for several weighting scenarios. The results are both technology and policy sensitive, thus useful for both short- and long-term planning.     

假设检验教学中一个问题的探讨

在假设检验中,怎样选择原假设与备择假设,有人叙述为:"通常把希望得到的陈述视为备择假设",很多教师也是按此进行课堂教学的。我认为应该是把"不能轻易否定的"作为原假设,或者把"有充分依据才能肯定的"作为备择假设。且在有实际意义的检测中,原假设与备择假设的选取,与检测者的态度或希望无关,具有一定客观性,一般它们不能互换。     

新能源汽车购买行为及其环境影响效果研究

为了考量新能源汽车的推广使用对环境的具体影响,对新能源汽车的购买行为和普及率进 行了研究,同时分析新能源汽车在优惠政策条件下在实际路网中的环境影响。首先,对大连市居 民进行了意向问卷调查,建立描述家庭新能源汽车购买行为模型;其次,应用该模型对新能源汽 车在大连市的普及率进行分析;最后,在道路收费优惠政策条件下,考虑新能源汽车的普及率和 出行频率的变化,利用多用户交通平衡分配模型进行实例分析,探索新能源汽车在实际路网中的 排放影响。结果表明,在低普及率情况下,新能源汽车的减排效果并不明显,而在高普及率情况 下,减排效果比较显著。然而,对于交通领域巨大的碳排放体量而言,低普及率带来的碳排放量 下降的累积效应仍是非常可观的。     

庐铜高速公路软基段新老路拼接处理方案设计

在对具体软基段新老路不同方案设计比选的基础上，根据实际情况，选用最佳方案予以实施，所得经验可供工程技术人员参考。     

舰船哈龙灭火剂的替代产品和气体灭火剂的选型分析

指出哈龙灭火剂对臭氧层的危害,介绍卤代烷产品的替代原则。阐述目前哈龙的主要替代产品必须满足的条件及其发展趋势。重点分析各种哈龙替代产品的特点、性能、发展前景和应用范围,并比较它们的有效性和局限性,探讨开发新型清洁高效的哈龙替代技术。     

船舶低硫燃油系统的应用分析

介绍低硫燃油的特性及其关键技术,分析低硫燃油市场供应情况,结合工程应用实际,提出了4种应用方案,经过对比分析,提出了一种面向工程实际的推荐方案。     

高速公路双喇叭互通式立交改扩建方案研究

双喇叭互通式立交是高速公路中一种较为特殊的立交形式,其改扩建涉及的影响因素多,改扩建设计的难度大。分析了双喇叭互通式立交改扩建设计的基本原则和主要影响因素,并以我国北方某条高速公路的互通式立交改扩建为例,探讨了双喇叭互通式立交改扩建方案的比选问题。     

高速公路双喇叭互通式立交改扩建方案研究

双喇叭互通式立交是高速公路中一种较为特殊的立交形式,其改扩建涉及的影响因素多,改扩建设计的难度大。分析了双喇叭互通式立交改扩建设计的基本原则和主要影响因素,并以我国北方某条高速公路的互通式立交改扩建为例,探讨了双喇叭互通式立交改扩建方案的比选问题。     

大型邮轮救生艇替代设计定性分析

以大型邮轮救生系统为研究对象,进行大型邮轮救生艇替代设计定性分析。确定替代设计的安全目标和影响替代设计的相关法规,分析受替代设计影响的相关布置和系统以及主要的操作场景。在此基础上开展危险识别,即对各种危险及其事故场景进行分析,并按其相对于所考虑问题的风险水平进行排序,对于风险等级高的事故场景,提出相应的风险控制措施。确定需要通过定量分析作进一步研究的事故场景、采用的性能衡准和评估方法,进而为大型邮轮救生艇替代设计及相关定性分析提供指导。