营松路互通立交与服务区合并设置设计

在吉林省营松高速公路项目中,燕平互通立交与靖宇服务区合并设置,设计中通过方案对比,选定了适合本项目特点的互通立交型式、服务区位置及结合方式,充分发挥互通立交的功能,提高服务区水平,达到合并后的和谐统一。     

The impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative-fuel vehicles

We study the impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative-fuel vehicles, using data from a survey of potential car buyers in Germany. The survey was conducted as a computer-assisted personal interview and included a choice experiment involving cars with various fuel types. Applying a standard logit model, we show that alternative fuel availability influences choices positively, but its marginal utility diminishes with supply. Furthermore, we derive consumers’ marginal willingness-to-pay for an expanded service station network. The results suggest that a failure to expand the availability of alternative fuel stations represents a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of alternative-fuel vehicles.     

An integrated modeling approach for facilitating emission estimations of alternative fueled vehicles

This paper develops an integrated model for reliable estimation of daily vehicle fuel savings and emissions using an integrated traffic emission modeling approach created by incorporating the US Environmental Protection Agency’s vehicle emission model, MOVES, and the PARAMICS microscopic traffic simulation package. A case study is conducted to validate the model using a well-calibrated road network in Greenville, South Carolina. For each transportation fuel considered, both emission and fuel consumption impacts are evaluated based on market shares.     

Sulphur abatement globally in maritime shipping

In 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global regulations to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime shipping starting 2020. The regulation implies that ships can continue to use residual fuels with a high sulphur content, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO), if they employ scrubbers to desulphurise the exhaust gases. Alternatively, they can use fuels with less than 0.5% sulphur, such as desulphurised HFO, distillates (diesel) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). The options of lighter fuels and desulphurisation entail costs, including higher energy consumption at refineries, and the present study identifies and compares compliance options as a function of ship type and operational patterns.The results indicate distillates as an attractive option for smaller vessels, while scrubbers will be an attractive option for larger vessels. For all vessels, apart from the largest fuel consumers, residual fuels desulphurised to less than 0.5% sulphur are also a competing abatement option. Moreover, we analyse the interaction between global SO_X reductions and CO₂ (and fuel consumption), and the results indicate that the higher fuel cost for distillates will motivate shippers to lower speeds, which will offset the increased CO₂ emissions at the refineries. Scrubbers, in contrast, will raise speeds and CO₂ emissions.     

基于Logistic回归模型的电动自行车出行特征分析

本文基于电动自行车使用者和非电动自行车使用者抽样调查数据,从居民收入、出行距离和时耗等方面采用Logistic模型进行分析,建立了基于Logistic的电动自行车出行方式选择模型,并且计算了电动自行车的出行距离和时耗曲线.本文的研究成果填补了目前自行车交通研究的一项空白,为政府机构制定相关政策提供了基础研究支持.     

论跨江越海建设隧道的技术优势与问题

为商榷在以往规划跨江越海工程时对修建隧道方案有些场合只是作为修建桥梁方案的一种备选方案的观念,文中论证了修建水下隧道在技术、方法、经济等方面的优势、特色及其存在的问题与不足,使业界可较为全面而客观地认识水下隧道在跨江越海工程中的地位。通过列举国内若干典型的已建、在建和正在进行方案研讨的水下隧道工程,从理论和实践经验出发提出了适合建桥、建隧以及桥隧结合方案有关的江床地形地貌、工程地质、水文地质和当地实际条件,对修建桥梁和修建水下隧道方案进行了比较,分析了二者的优缺点、适用场合和局限性;通过列举水下高速铁路、公路隧道的典型范例,总结了适合修建水下隧道的有利条件,并对水下隧道施工和运营过程中出现的诸多困难和问题进行了分析讨论。认为： 在规划跨江越海工程时,应综合当地的自然、生态、地质、水文、河工、港口、航道和航运等诸相关条件,通过多方案比较,更加客观地妥慎优选适合各具体工程的最佳方案;水下建隧的优缺点共存,水下隧道有其独特的技术、经济优越性,事实上现已被越来越多的跨江越海工程所采用。     

生命周期评价及天然气基车用替代燃料的选择

介绍了生命周期评价方法在车用替代燃料选择方面的研究,通过实地考察我国天然气制甲醇联产二甲醚工艺,结合车辆技术,对天然气基代用燃料,包括压缩天然气、甲醇汽油、二甲醚的生命周期能量消耗和温室气体排放进行了评估,并与石油基燃料进行了比较,同时对燃料制备工艺与车辆技术进步所造成的影响进行了讨论。     

Comparison of “Advanced” biofuel cost estimates: Trends during rollout of low carbon fuel policies

Costs of producing “advanced” biofuels (those with the lowest GHG and land use impacts) have not decreased in recent years as envisioned by analysts. Despite aggressive policy incentives, no transition to a lower cost mature industry has occurred. Information about the cost dynamics and slow industry emergence is of major interest to policymakers and others seeking to understand the likely success – and cost – of incentive programs. This paper reviews literature on production cost at the plantgate – without considering taxes or delivery costs – for selected biofuel technology pathways using a levelized cost of fuel approach, applying common financing assumptions for capital amortization and converting all values to year 2016 dollars, and examines results in the current low carbon fuel policy context. The average production cost estimate for cellulosic ethanol was $4 per gallon-gasoline equivalent (gge). For drop-in fuels, the pyrolysis-biocrude-hydro treatment pathway had the lowest average production cost estimate at about $3.25/gge. Biomass to liquid (BTL) production cost estimates averaged $3.80/gge, while hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (HEFA) – the sole fuel studied gaining commercial traction – averaged about $3.70/gge. Estimate ranges did not allow any definitive rank ordering of the fuels by production cost. Production cost estimates are higher in later than in earlier publications for non-HEFA fuels due primarily to higher costs for feedstock and capital expenditure components. This may reflect learning from early but largely unsuccessful commercialization efforts that yielded more realistic (and higher cost) information and detail on feedstock provision and conversion processes.     

巢式Logit交通方式划分模型及求解方法研究

巢式Logit模型是在一般Logit模型基础上的一种改进模型,它考虑了各选择枝之间的相关性,对具有相似性的各选择枝进行了分类,因此该模型更接近实际情况,但同时也使得模型及其算法变得复杂,难以得到广泛采用。通过分析这两种模型的内在关系,提出了一种求解巢式Logit模型的方法,该方法直观,程序化强,便于应用;并通过示例说明了该方法的计算过程。     

船舶主机轴系交变扭矩与扭振测试装置

文章阐述了交变扭矩与扭振检测装置的测量原理.详细说明了交变扭矩扭振检测装置的组成,并提供测试相关的实时图形数据.装置特点是能够实时显示扭振时域、频域数据、曲线图和3DFFT色谱图,直观明了,无需事后分析处理.