隧道式复合锚碇的作用机理

采用原位模型试验和有限元(ANSYS软件)数值分析,研究了悬索桥带预应力岩锚的隧道式锚碇系统的承载机理,根据施工动态过程反演确定关键参数.锚碇-围岩、岩锚-注浆体-围岩相互作用力学行为采用无厚度接触单元模拟.结果表明,岩锚初始预应力控制着锚碇体和岩锚对主缆荷载的分担和参与时机,岩锚存在最小自由段长度,以均匀分布和传递围岩应力,形成岩石锚固墙新围压效应.     

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针对我国当前在公交换乘问题上存在的问题，本文在对公交网络、公交系统新的认识基础上，以划分公交服务区，公交线路等级化的思想，提出了城市枢纽规划决策的几种方法:以交通分配预测为基础的会交客流分配数据，得到枢纽的集散客流量强度，进而提出基于公交客流预测的流量决定法；在城市公交网络结构和用地结构的基础上，利用最小控制集算法；利用城市规划中“邻里单元”的概念，作为规划枢纽的分区单位和依据，提出了基于城市布局结构的枢纽决策规划及修正方法等，并提出了以公交换乘枢纽为核心的规划新流程.     

三峡水库变动回水区泥沙淤积状况及治理

本文根据《长江三峡泥沙和航运问题的研究成果汇编》等资料，分析了变动回水区航道及港口状况，提出了整治与改善建议等应急对策。     

山区公路路侧安全性研究及对策

山区公路的路侧事故率较高,这与山区公路中缺乏防护设施的保护有关。为改善山区公路安全性能,降低车辆冲出路外的路侧事故,对公路路侧安全性设计原则进行研究,从而提高路侧安全设计水平。针对山区公路特有的特点,提出在山区公路中应加强路侧护栏的设置,路侧护栏作为公路上基本的交通安全设施,能减轻事故的严重度。     

Granular effect of fly ash repairs damage of recycled coarse aggregate

Repairing effect of fly ash (FA) on damage of recycled coarse aggregate was evaluated by characteristics of pores and cracks in the vicinity of interracial transition zone (ITZ). The interracial structure between the virgin aggregate and the attached old mortar was investigated and compared with ITZ of recycled aggregate concrete in the presence of FA or ultra-fine FA(UFA) by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Diam- eter and plumpness frequency distribution of pores as well as width of the old ITZ, length of contacting points and cracks density were analyzed. The SEM results reveal that the diameter of pores is decreases significantly but pores plumpness increases. A decreased ITZ width and cracks density as well as an increased bonding zone length can also been observed, which indicates that FA or UFA repairs damage of recycled coarse aggregate due to its granular effect.     

The slippery slope of lot consolidation in the Santa Monica Mountains: A program assessment

Abstract

The authors present an assessment of the Coastal Conservancy's efforts to consolidate small, substandard lots in the Santa Monica Mountains. Emphasis is placed on the ‘ ‘lessons learned’ ‘ by the Conservancy in its project experience as those lessons may be applicable to related efforts elsewhere. Finally, alternative means of lot consolidation are suggested. This assessment should be of relevance to other programs nationwide to address the problem of antiquated subdivisions.     

超大型锚杆式悬索桥锚碇锚固系统施工关键技术

随着我国高速铁路等交通事业的不断发展,大型悬索桥不断涌现,其锚碇及其锚固系统向更大空间尺寸、更大受力方向迅速发展。针对主缆锚固系统的施工工艺,依托新建连镇铁路五峰长江特大桥建设实践,系统分析其结构特点及施工难点,发现常规锚固系统施工工艺先安装定位钢支架后浇筑混凝土的局限性,提出"V"形混凝土台阶+型钢混合型定位支架和逐层安装锚杆逐层跟进浇筑混凝土施工新工艺。采用常规及新工艺的南、北锚碇锚固系统施工对比表明,南锚碇定位支架结构最大变形量20 mm,北锚碇定位支架最大变形量2.43 mm,新工艺减小了支架变形87.8%;南、北锚碇锚固系统施工用时分别为402,261 d,新工艺提升效率35.1%;南、北锚碇锚固系统定位支架总用钢量分别为1 869,960 t,采用新工艺节约了48.6%的支架钢材。最后进一步讨论了施工工艺的优化建议。     

The annual cycle of nanoflagellates in the Central Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay)

The annual cycle of nanoflagellates (NF) including autotrophic (ANF), heterotrophic (HNF) and mixotropic (MNF) flagellates carried out in a temperate sea (Central Cantabrian Sea, southern Bay of Biscay) is presented. Three stations with characteristics ranging from coastal to oceanic conditions were analysed in order to compare NF response to this gradient. Samples were monthly collected at each station at three different depths between February 2002 and December 2002. CTD profiles were also taken at each station. NF were grouped according to their trophic status into ANF, HNF and MNF. Abundance and biomass were determined for each group. The annual cycle showed a general pattern consisting in a maximum in July with secondary maxima in March and October and minimum values in May. ANF were the most important fraction, making a major contribution (nearly 75%) to total NF biomass in all stations. HNF represented over 20% along the cycle, except for a peak in spring found in every station. MNF reached less than 5%, showing low seasonability. Small flagellates (2–5 µm) dominated throughout the cycle. Microplankton community was also analysed in terms of abundance and biomass. A significant positive correlation (r² = 0.49) was obtained between 2–5 µm NF and 10–20 µm HNF–MNF biomasses, suggesting a possible trophic relationship between these groups which should be cautiously taken. No significant relationships were found between microplankton and NF or between nutrients and ANF, indicating that the regulation of NF numbers is complex and probably implicates other groups. In addition to this, the unexpected 2002 Chl a concentration pattern and the misplacing of upwelling events render necessary to perform additional studies to fully understand the precise behaviour of NF in the Cantabrian Sea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a NF cycle in a temperate sea that considers all functional groups.     

台电碧海水力发电头水隧道设计及施工实例

碧海水力发电工程头水隧道为台湾东部变质岩地层内施作之水力发电用隧道,位处花莲和平溪右岸之崇山峻岭中,地形条件恶劣,工程初期施工道路尚未全线贯通阶段,采中重型直升机吊挂运补施工用物资、人员及机具,争取工期。工程头水隧道因通水断面净内径仅2.7 m,长度约6.5 km,设计及施工条件严苛,台电公司为缩短工期,选择TBM工法,惟第一承揽厂商遭遇涌水带后,TBM夹埋未能脱困,终至解约。后由另一厂商接手,采传统钻炸工法,顺利拆解TBM并如期贯通,配合排水钢管,导引涌水,并设计自走式钢模,内衬砌浇置速度创台湾水力隧道之新纪录。     

河流峡谷地段地质选线方案研究

研究目的：河流峡谷地段，不良地质极为发育，规模大，又为地下水的排泄区，发育区域性暗河；线路设计同时受技术标准、投资影响；控制选线的因素极为复杂。本文以渝怀线乌江峡谷地质选线研究为例，对经受施工、运营、汶川地震检验，证明合理的地质选线的经验、成果进行研究、归纳、总结，指导类似河流峡谷地段铁路勘察设计工作。研究结论：先期进行河流左、右岸地质选线；峡谷段不良地质极发育，线路方案受地质条件控制，有条件时，线路内移避开沿岸不良地质；线路绕避不良地质困难或代价极高时，只要地质探明，工程措施到位，线路完全可以通过不良地质；根据岩溶发育规律及暗河标高，宏观指导选线，线路最好尽量选择通过岩溶发育安全带。