箱涵刚域效应研究

箱涵刚域效应是指结构在节点处,由于构件相交而存在的性质特殊的区域,该区域的相对抗弯刚度趋近无限大,呈现出不可变形的特性,从而对结构受力和变形产生影响的现象。为研究刚域效应对箱涵结构的影响,对箱涵进行受力和变形的特性分析,确定刚域及其判定方法。以箱涵的基本参数和加腋特征参数为变量,分析箱涵结构刚域效应的规律。并对比分析考虑刚域效应后结构变形和内力结果,经分析确定出顶板和侧墙的刚域范围与结构尺寸之间的比例关系,以及加腋构造的最优坡度。考虑刚域效应后的变形和内力值较小,可以减小钢筋用量,降低工程造价。     

Book review

Since society values both, it is desirable to implement management solutions that protect these species while minimizing social and economic impact, even if it is not required by law. This case study analyzed management issues relating to sea turtle bycatch in a small-scale gillnet fishery that targets flounder in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. A primary goal of this research was to examine the feasibility of achieving both biological and social objec­tives by determining if any compatibility existed between those different objectives. This was done by cross-referencing quantitative social data with management measures that would achieve biological goals. Qualitative data also provided insight into scientific issues, obstacles to management effectiveness, and potential solutions. Overall, this article discusses the possibility of implementing solutions that reflect multiple societal values while operating under the Endangered Species Act.     

基于生产函数的长江航道对长江经济带的科技贡献度测算

为明确长江航道对长江经济带的科技贡献作用,运用扩展的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数模型定量计算长江航道对长江经济带的科技贡献度。结果表明,2005-2017年长江航道科技对长江经济带的平均贡献度为38.31%,整体水平较高,科技进步对长江经济带的发展拉动作用明显。     

TGP技术在隧道断层破碎带超前预报中的应用研究

为解决某隧道断层破碎带地层易出现拱顶塌方、掉块、涌水的问题,通过现场掌子面调查结合TGP技术等手段,研究了TGP技术在断层破碎带中的应用情况。结果表明,当反馈数据显示围岩反射界面较密集,纵波速度连续下降时,表明掌子面前方围岩破碎,裂隙水较发育;TGP技术对断层破碎带地层岩性可进行较准确地预测与划分,对于地下水丰富地层隧道应同时配合其他检测手段进行隧道涌水量的预报。     

Western Australia's nonstatutory approach to coastal zone management: An evaluation

Abstract

Western Australia is fortunate that there have been few natural disasters on the coast. However, low levels of coastal erosion during the 1970s demonstrated the need to establish coastal zone management in that state of Australia. The erosion was quickly contained because private ownership to the high water mark is almost nonexistent, private property being set back behind coastal reserves along most of the coast. The provision of coastal reserves has been part of a deliberate nonstatutory coastal planning and management approach. As a result Western Australia has been able to use existing acts, coordination between existing government agencies, and coastal policies rather than enact specific coastal legislation to manage the coast.     

基于内聚力模型的夹层玻璃冲击破坏仿真分析

夹层玻璃冲击破坏行为的高精度和高效率仿真分析是汽车行人保护法规评价的重要基础。建立了夹层玻璃板辐射状网格的六面体单元有限元模型,采用ABAQUS软件中的固有内聚力模型描述冲击破坏过程中的裂纹发生和扩展现象,仿真得到的玻璃板裂纹及落锤加速度时间历程曲线与试验结果一致性良好,验证了仿真方法及模型的有效性。考虑了不同单元类型、不同网格分布形式对夹层玻璃冲击破坏仿真精度和计算效率的影响。     

阳逻长江公路大桥南锚碇基础工程建设关键技术

介绍阳逻长江公路大桥南锚碇基础关键分项工程———圆形地下连续墙、内衬支护和封底的设计施工情况。该分项工程的顺利实施是南锚碇基础成功建设的关键。     

破碎岩质边坡中群锚效应试验研究

针对破碎岩质边坡中群锚效应的复杂性,通过物理模型试验,对不同锚固体系下的群锚张拉相互影响、锚索预应力的损失过程、以及锚索张拉过程中和张拉后坡体内部的附加应力分布等进行了研究,得出了锚索预应力变化规律以及坡体内部的反应。     

异形截面斜拉桥索塔锚固区节段足尺模型试验研究

通过对哈尔滨绕城高速公路四方台松花江大桥索塔锚固区的节段足尺模型试验,研究了主塔预应力束的施工工艺,进行了索塔模型在环向预应力束及拉索作用下的应力和变形分析,确定了索塔锚固区的抗裂安全系数并对模型进行了计算机仿真分析;由其结果与试验实测值的比较,得到了一些有益的结论。研究的部分成果已应用于实桥结构,对主塔结构的优化设计起到了一定的指导作用。     

Car-free city centres

In a car-free city centre car traffic is limited by an area-wide ban to its functionally necessary share. This usually includes delivery and service vehicles and residents' cars. The lock-out of unnecessary car traffic must not be an isolated measure, but part of a pulland-push approach. The most important supporting measure concerns the provision of attractive public transport services. Case studies from Bologna, Lubeck, Aachen, York, and Nuremburg are reported.