基于模糊理论的船舶复合碰撞危险度计算

基于船舶领域和动界的概念,在船舶碰撞几何原理的基础上,利用模糊规则和模糊综合评价方法,本文提出一种船舶复合碰撞危险度的计算方法.确定最近会遇距离(DCPA)、最近会遇时间(TCPA)、两船距离、相对方位、船速比5个主要因素的隶属度函数,并考虑航行区域状况、能见度情况和船舶的操纵性能等对船舶碰撞危险度的隶属度函数修正.用原始数据对3种不同会遇态势进行仿真和对3种不同碰撞危险度计算结果分析比较,结果表明该方法的有效性.     

自升式钻井平台方案评价指标体系及评价方法研究(英文)

本文对白升式钻井平台的方案评价指标体系和评价方法进行了研究,提出了一套适用于自升式钻井平台的方案评价指标体系,并采用改进的灰关联分析法进行平台方案的优选,初步分析和计算实例表明,该评价指标体系和评价方法是适用和可靠的.通过对联分析方法进行改进,建立了适用于自升式钻井平台方案选优的灰关联多目标综合评价模型,该模型在灰关联分析的基础上引进层次分析法计算各指标的权重值,既在一定程度上考虑了设计方案各指标间的关联性,反应了事物的客观本质,又能体现船东的主观偏好和设计者的设计需要.同时该方案评价指标体系和评价方法具有拓展性,可应用于其它类型的移动式平台,作为方案选择时的参考依据.     

有限元可靠度方法在桥梁工程中的应用

一次二阶矩法是目前求解结构可靠性分析的主要计算方法之一．该方法要求功能函数对随机变量的偏导运算。然而对于以有限元方法分析为主的桥梁结构．无法对其隐式功能函数进行显式求导．限制了一次二阶矩法的应用。本文给出了隐式功能函数可靠度的随机有限元解决方案．考虑了有限元方法和可靠度方法结合使用过程中,经典一次二阶矩法的改造问题。算例表明,该方法能够适用于基于有限元的结构可靠度分析,并在求解过程中给出随机变量的敏感系数。     

制动器在水力式升船机中的应用

依托景洪升船机工程,探讨水力式升船机制动器的应用。通过对比分析电力驱动和水力驱动式升船机制动器的布置特点及工作方式,阐述制动器在水力式升船机中面临的新的技术问题,据此对水力式升船机制动器的制动力、同步性以及制动方式提出设计指标和要求,并探讨制动器的使用范围。建议水力式升船机制动器采用常开式,升船机正常运行时,制动器在船厢上、下游对接时投入使用。     

How Do Governments Support the Development of Public Private Partnerships? Measuring and Comparing PPP Governmental Support in 20 European Countries

Abstract

Taking an institutional perspective, in this article we develop an index of the governmental support for public private partnership (PPP) — a ‘PPP Governmental Support Index’ (GSI) — which aims to measure the extent to which national governments provide an institutional framework that is either conducive or preventive for the introduction and diffusion of PPPs within transport infrastructure and other sectors. First, based on a substantive review of the literature, we define the elements of the PPP GSI, including the policy and political commitment regarding PPPs, the legal and regulatory framework, and the presence/absence of dedicated PPP-supporting arrangements. Second, we calculate the PPP GSI for 20 European countries, cluster them and compare similarities and differences in national governmental support of infrastructure PPPs. Third, we explore the potential link between national institutional index scores and infrastructure PPP activity in the 20 countries. Lastly, we discuss the potential and usefulness of the presented PPP GSI, as well as methodological limitations, and elaborate on how this index might be utilised to strengthen future comparative research on PPP in transport and other sectors.     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

圭嘎拉高海拔隧道施工人员体力劳动强度评价

为探究圭嘎拉高海拔隧道施工人员体力劳动强度水平,评价施工工序劳动强度,选择圭嘎拉隧道进口段（海拔4 300 m）及1#斜井段（海拔4 560 m）的施工人员作为测试对象,分别测量不同工序下施工人员的生理指标（心率、血氧饱和度、耗氧量）。基于耗氧量计算能量代谢率,进而计算各工序的劳动强度指数。结果表明： 1）260 m的海拔高差造成的施工综合劳动强度指数差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）; 2）二次衬砌钢筋绑扎是所测施工工序中劳动强度最大的工序,该工序下施工人员的心率、血氧饱和度和平均能量代谢率都出现超过卫生限值的情况,劳动强度指数达到35（极重）; 3）海拔为4 300~4 560 m时,隧道各施工工序劳动强度大部分为中度-极重度。     

基于随机Petri网的指挥流程性能指标分析

Petri网是一种很有效的模型描述语言,适用于描述含有并行成分的系统。文章运用随机Petri网同构马尔可夫链的原理,对海上编队作战准备阶段的指挥流程性能指标进行分析。     

主成分分析法优化高职教师教学质量评价指标体系的研究

要对教师教学质量作出客观、公正、公平的评价,必须从学生评价、同行评价和专家评价三方面进行。其中,学生评价是最主要的方面。通过采用主成分分析法,可以筛选、合并各评价指标,提高评价指标质量,达到优化高职教师教学质量评价指标体系的目的。     

深圳城市轨道交通工程盾构区间造价指标分析

城市轨道交通工程具有投资规模大,建设时间紧,专业涉及面广,工程技术复杂等特点。总结深圳市已建城市轨道交通工程的技术经济指标,针对盾构区间隧道工程,研究轨道交通工程建设标准和造价指标体系,为合理确定本地区城市轨道交通工程建设和造价标准提供科学依据。通过确定盾构区间各项主要指标,为政府投资决策提供技术支撑,以期对轨道交通高质、高效发展起到一定推动作用。