桥梁加固技术概述

桥梁加固技术是目前桥梁工程的新热点,选择科学合理的加固方案是保证桥梁加固效果和质量的重要前提.本文结合当前桥梁加固的现状,阐述了桥梁常见病害及其成因、加固主要技术途径及加固方案的确定方法,为桥梁加固提供一些经验,对旧桥加固方法的选用具有一定的参考价值.     

大学英语词汇教学研究

词汇量的难以有效扩大一直是困扰我国大学生英语水平提高的瓶颈.词汇教学是英语学习的基础,但因传统词汇教学思想的影响,教师对词汇教学却一直不得其法,无所适从.而学生记忆单词更是感觉枯燥乏味,花了大量的时间和精力,却效果不佳,降低了对英语学习的积极性.笔者试从任务教学法、语境教学法及文化教学法几方面阐述如何改变传统词汇教学法旨在提高英语词汇教学质量.     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.     

高速铁路桥头刚性楔形搭板受力特性及适应性研究

针对路桥过渡段的不均匀沉降问题,通过建立轨道路基分析模型,结合大型商业软件ANSYS的APDL语言,应用迭代接触算法和单元生死技术模拟搭板与填土之间接触和脱空的不同受力状态;并基于地基均匀沉降和不均匀沉降两种模式,考虑搭板受力与变形的耦合,分析了搭板的受力特性与适应性。受力特性分析表明:随着脱空区长度的增加,搭板及轨道板板底纵向应力增加;板底最大纵向应力的载荷位置在桥台与1/2倍板长之间,且随着脱空区长度的增加,最不利载荷位置与桥台的距离增加;搭板发生完全脱空时,板长且厚的搭板的底部纵向应力比板短而薄的大。适应性分析表明:长度为6 m的搭板适用于处理地基沉降在5mm以内的桥头路段;长度为8 m的搭板适用于处理地基沉降在10 mm以内的桥头路段;长度为10 m的搭板适用于处理地基沉降在15 mm以内的桥头路段。     

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由于在模拟密集网络、宏观问题和方案阶段中的优势，连续性模拟方法应用到交通模型的模拟中，正在得到越来越多的关注。此论文意在为二维连续模拟方法的发展和应用提供综合的概括。首先讨论的是理论的发展和对特殊的或多变领域机理的模拟，然后再针对连续模拟方法应用到工厂选址、道路选择、人行道的规划、政策和社会经济分析进行评论。最后，预测其未来研究的前景。     

武汉堤防隔渗设计问题的探讨

本文结合长江中下游堤防地质构造堤基下卧层有透水层 ,汛期经常发生渗流破坏 ,出现管涌 ,导致堤防溃口的特点 ,提出用管涌的临界坡降作为堤防渗流计算的控制条件 ,并在武汉江岸八厂联防等防汛堤段上应用 ,取得显著效果     

Carbody elastic vibrations of high-speed vehicles caused by bogie hunting instability

In particular locations of the high-speed track, the worn wheel profile matched up with the worn rail profile will lead to an extremely high-conicity wheel–rail contact. Consequently, the bogie hunting instability arises, which further results in the so-called carbody shaking phenomenon. In this paper, the carbody elastic vibrations of a high-speed vehicle in service are firstly introduced. Modal tests are conducted to identity the elastic modes of the carbody. The ride comfort and running safety indices for the tested vehicle are evaluated. The rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model for the high-speed passenger car is then developed by using the FE and MBS coupling approach. The rail profiles in those particular locations are measured and further integrated into the simulation model to reproduce the bogie hunting and carbody elastic vibrations. The effects of wheel and rail wear on the vehicle system response, e.g. wheelset bifurcation graph and carbody vibrations, are studied. Two improvement measures, including the wheel profile modification and rail grinding, are proposed to provide possible solutions. It is found that the wheel–rail contact conicity can be lowered by decreasing wheel flange thickness or grinding rail corner, which is expected to improve the bogie hunting stability under worn rail and worn wheel conditions. The carbody elastic vibrations caused by bogie hunting instability can be further restrained.     

基于多目标遗传算法的机车二系支承载荷调整优化方法

为提高电力机车二系支承栽荷调整优化算法的实用性,解决单一目标遗传算法调整计算产生二系支承点加垫数和加垫总量过多的问题,提出了一种基于多目标遗传算法的寻优方法.针对机车二系调箦问题的偏好结构特点,建立了多目标优化模型,并设计了基于多目标遗传算法的调簧目标函数,进一步引入了适应性权重方法来确定目标函数值,并确立了相应的适应...     

关联时滞大系统的保性能控制

针对关联项具有N×N个任意未知常时滞的线性连续大系统,采用线性矩阵不等式(LM Is)方法,提出了一种分散的无记忆状态反馈二次保性能控制器的存在条件和设计方法.最后用一个示例说明分散无记忆状态反馈二次保性能控制器的设计方法.