贵州清水江城景水电站通航水流条件优化试验研究

城景水电站是利用三板溪水库回水的长期消落水头而兴建的水电站,可有效地改善上游河道的航运水流条件。设计船闸布置于泄洪闸中间,枢纽泄洪方式对上下游引航道及口门区水流条件影响大;下游引航道口门区位于弯道凸岸,通航水流条件复杂难以满足通航安全要求。针对以上问题,通过1:80比尺的整体枢纽模型,研究下游不利通航水流条件的成因。通过降低通航标准、设置导流墩、疏浚凸岸岸线、优化枢纽调度,使引航道及口门区通航水流条件满足通航规范要求,为枢纽通航设计提供了可靠依据。     

基于多学科设计优化的深海空间站总体设计方法研究

系统地回顾了兴起于航空航天领域的多学科设计优化方法,重点介绍了分布式多学科设计方法的求解思路、算法特点及最新研究动态;结合深海空间站总体设计的特点,讨论了多学科设计方法在深海空间站设计中的应用前景.     

基于波传播方法的水下阻尼复合圆柱壳声辐射分析

采用波传播分析方法,以复模量形式计及粘弹性阻尼的损耗因子,讨论了外部敷设粘弹性自由阻尼材料的无限长圆柱壳在流场中的辐射声功率.结果表明,粘弹性阻尼层可以有效降低结构的辐射声功率,具有较好的隔振效果,可为潜艇结构和水下各种管道的减振降噪设计提供理论参考.     

有关汽车合乘问题的研究

城市道路上汽车低使用率问题和大城市汽车合乘现象的出现反映了汽车合乘存在和发展的必然性。从国内外合乘现状出发,在论述合乘含义的基础上,对合乘的类型划分、合乘途径、合乘实施的利弊以及合乘的实施保障等问题进行相关探讨,对于汽车合乘的后续研究有着重要意义。     

交际法教学在海事英语中的应用

交际法是英语教学中采用的主要教学方法之一,但在海事英语教育实施中还面临很多问题。本文从几个方面对交际法在海事英语教学中的局限性作了分析,并提出了解决问题的策略。     

带地梁的新型半整体式无缝桥梁温度效应研究

为了了解带地梁的新型无缝桥梁在温度变化下吸纳梁体变形的能力及接线路面的裂缝分布和发展规律,推导了带地梁无缝桥梁在温度作用下的内力与变形计算公式,编译了相应的接线路面配筋计算程序,进行了足尺带地梁无缝桥梁的试验研究,同时对比了带地梁无缝桥梁试验结果与理论计算结果。结果表明:带地梁的新型无缝桥梁能很好地传递梁体变形,实现对梁体变形的吸呐;按照程序的计算结果进行接线路面的配筋设计是安全的。     

混合法研究水下刚性目标全波数散射特性

通过构建油港储运系统评估指标体系,建立多层次灰色变权综合安全评价模型对研究对象进行评价,并且在评价过程采用层次分析方法确定权重.实例结果表明,多层次灰色综合评价结果具有较强的客观性,能给决策者提供比较可靠的判断依据.     

趸船自动平衡系统

在水位落差大的区域,浮码头活动钢引桥会在趸船上长距离移动而引起趸船不同程度横倾。针对这一问题,对趸船平衡进行了研究。采用力学基本原理,介绍一种全新的趸船自动平衡系统,分析了3种不同工况条件下趸船平衡的基本受力原理、趸船自动平衡系统的设计方法以及配重的计算选取原则,并结合工程实例介绍了该系统自动平衡支座及其轨道的设计方法、位置布置原则等若干实际应用中应当注意的问题。     

共用引航道船闸下游引航道的平面布置

随着货运量的增大,目前我国正大规模改扩建多线船闸,受枢纽已建建筑物和地形条件限制等多因素影响,新建多线船闸多与已建船闸并排布置,共用引航道。双线船闸共用引航道时,一线船闸充泄水将会影响到另一线船闸引航道水流条件,危及另一线过闸船舶安全及船闸结构安全。结合北江飞来峡船闸水力学模型试验成果,探讨同尺度船闸共用引航道的布置及其对通航水流的影响。结果表明:船闸在错开运行时,通过增大中间辅导墙的扩散角可使水流快速扩散,减小非泄水船闸引航道回流范围和回流强度,可通过优化主辅导墙及下游消能工形式,改善双线船闸引航道水流条件。     

A comparative analysis of traditional four-step and activity-based travel demand modeling: a case study of Tampa,Florida

Activity-based travel demand modeling (ABTDM) has often been viewed as an advanced approach, due to its higher fidelity and better policy sensitivity. However, a review of the literature indicates that no study has been undertaken to investigate quantitatively the differences and accuracy between an ABTDM approach and a traditional four-step travel demand model. In this paper we provide a comparative analysis against each step – trip generation, trip distribution, mode split, and network assignment – between an ABTDM developed using travel diary data from the Tampa Bay Region in Florida and the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Model (TBRPM), an existing traditional four-step model for the same area. Results show salient differences between the TBRPM and the ABTDM, in terms of modeling performance and accuracy, in each of the four steps. For example, trip production rates calculated from the travel diary data are found to be either double or a quarter less than those used in the TBRPM. On the other hand, trip attraction rates computed from activity-based travel simulations are found to be either more than double or one tenth less than those used in the TBRPM. The trip distribution curves from the two models are similar, but both average and peak trip lengths of the two are significantly different. Mode split analyses show that the TBRPM may underestimate driving trips and fail to capture any usage of alternative modes, such as taxi and nonmotorized (e.g., walking and bicycling) modes. In addition, the ABTDMs are found to be less capable of reproducing observed traffic counts when compared to the TBRPM, most likely due to not considering external and through trips. The comparative results presented can help transportation engineers and planners better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the two types of model and this should assist decision-makers in choosing a better modeling tool for their planning initiatives.