Survey of pedestrians' crossing time at non‐signalized mid‐block street crossing

At non‐signalized mid‐block street crossings in China's cities, pedestrians often weave between motor vehicle flows. This paper investigated the influence patterns of the gender and age of pedestrians, the presence of a pedestrian group, vehicles' interference and the crossing direction on the crossing time at non‐signalized mid‐block street crossings in Changsha, China. The results show that the crossing speed is approximately 1–1.1 m/s; the crossing time increases with increasing age, and the crossing speed of a pedestrian will be quicker when the time gap between the pedestrian and the oncoming vehicle is smaller if he/she decides to cross. This paper also analyzed the crossing time pattern when pedestrians cross lane by lane and found that pedestrians spend the most time crossing the first lane and the least time crossing the middle lane, regardless of whether they are crossing from the curb to the central island or from the central island to the curb. The crossing speed is an important input to the design of pedestrian facilities, so these findings can be applied to the assessment of pedestrian crossing safety in China's cities and can provide a basis for the design of pedestrian crossing facilities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive control algorithm to provide bus priority with a pre-signal

In urban areas, where road space is limited, it is important to provide efficient public and private transportation systems to maximize person throughput, for example from a signalized intersection. To this end, this research looks at providing bus priority using a dedicated bus lane which is terminated upstream of the intersection, and placing an additional signal at this location, called a pre-signal. Although pre-signals are already implemented in some countries (e.g. UK, Denmark, and Switzerland), an adaptive control algorithm which responds to varying traffic demands has not yet been proposed and analyzed in the literature. This research aims to fill that gap by developing an adaptive control algorithm for pre-signals tailored to real-time private and public transportation demands. The necessary infrastructure to operate an adaptive pre-signal is established, and guidelines for implementation are provided. The relevant parameters regarding the boundary conditions for the adaptive algorithm are first determined, and then quantified for a typical case using a micro-simulation model. It is demonstrated with case studies that, under all considered scenarios, implementing a pre-signal with the proposed adaptive control algorithm will result in the least average person delay at the intersection. The algorithm is expected to function well with a wide range of car demands, bus frequencies, and bus passenger occupancies. Moreover, the algorithm is robust to errors in these input values, so exact information is not required.     

Safety impacts of signalized lane merge control at highway work zones

Lane closures due to highway work zones present many challenges to the goal of ensuring smooth traffic operations and a safe environment for both drivers and workers. Late merge behavior at a work zone closure is a dangerous behavior that impacts the traffic conflicts upstream of work zone closures. This paper analyzes the safety impacts of using a signalized lane control strategy at the work zone merge points. To achieve the objective of this research, a field study has been conducted at a highway work zone to collect traffic and driver behavior data, and a two-stage, simulation-based approach is used to analyze the safety impacts of implementing a signalized lane merge control strategy at the studied work zone. In the first stage, micro-simulation models are developed and calibrated based on field data to generate vehicle trajectories. In the second stage, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s Surrogate Safety Assessment Model is employed to identify potential conflicts under different traffic conditions. The paper concludes that a proposed signal control device could significantly reduce lane-change conflicts at work zone merge points. In addition, recommendations on the signal cycle length and timing splits are provided.     

船舶尾轴事故及对策研究

分析某些内河船舶尾轴事故的原因，并提出对策。船舶尾轴事故如尾轴装置发热、漏油和渗水等，起因是船体制造过程中的温差变形、载荷变形、工艺程序编制不合理等。作者提出孤对策是：合理编制轴安装工艺程序，改进轴系结构设计和改进轴系拉线工艺等。     

An investigation of multiplier effects generated by implementing queue jump lanes at multiple intersections

This paper investigates the combination effects of queue jump lanes (QJLs) on signalised arterials to establish if a multiplier effect exists, that is, the benefit from providing QJLs at multiple intersections is higher than the sum of benefits from providing them individually at each of those intersections. To explore the combination effects on bus delay and total person delay, a delay estimation model is developed using kinematic wave theory, kinematic equations and Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, to investigate the combination effects in offset settings optimised for bus delay or total person delay, offset optimisation models are proposed. Validation results using traffic micro‐simulation indicate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed models. Results of a modelling test bed suggest that providing QJLs at multiple intersections can create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings with signal offsets that provide bus progression. Furthermore, optimising offsets to minimise bus delay tends to create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings, particularly when variations in dwell times are not high. The reason for the multiplier effect may be that providing QJLs reduces variations in bus travel times, which makes signal coordination for buses perform more effectively. From a policy perspective, the existence of a multiplier effect suggests that a corridor‐wide scale implementation of QJLs has considerable merit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel approach for assessing the LOS for two‐lane intercity highways under heterogeneous traffic conditions

Performance of two‐lane intercity highways has been evaluated in terms of level of service (LOS) by different researchers. Different follower‐related performance measures, namely, the number of followers (NF), percent followers (PF), follower density (FD) and the number of followers as a proportion of capacity (NFPC) are examined in the present study to define LOS. Data are collected from five sites located in different parts of India. While almost all the past studies used 3‐s headway rule to identify followers suggested by US Highway Capacity Manual, a new methodology is proposed in the current study to identify the followers by analysing speed difference (SD) and the gap between two consecutive vehicles. It is observed that vehicles travel in non‐following condition after a critical gap threshold value of 10 s. By using a SD limit of ?4 km/h to +10 km/h and a gap value of 10 s, followers are identified across all the study sites. Thereafter, different critical gap values ranging from 1.9 s to 4.3 s are observed at the study sites beyond which the probability of not following would increase. Variation in two‐way traffic volume is found to be the main contributory factor which affects the critical gap values. Among all of the performance measures, NFPC shows a strong correlation with two‐way traffic volume followed by FD under heterogeneous traffic condition. Finally, different threshold values of LOS ranges for two‐lane intercity highways are provided by carrying out cluster analysis with the help of NFPC and FD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全站仪自由设站法在地铁基坑 水平位移监测中的应用

着重介绍转站测量技术的基本原理及作业流 程,并将此技术方法应用于地铁深基坑桩顶水平位移 监测中,从而实现对复杂条件下基坑水平位移的高精 度监测。实践表明,该技术方法具有监测精度高、范围 广、操作灵活、适应性强、工作效率高等优点,还可进一 步推广应用到复杂外形的建/构筑物的三维变形监测。     

任意截面钢筋混凝土构件配筋计算方法

钢筋混凝土构件在工程结构中广泛应用,复杂异形截面多向受力状态下,弯矩作用平面与弯曲平面不重合,截面的强度与配筋计算极为复杂,没有较好的解决方案。本文以平截面假定为依据,基于容许应力法推导出了任意截面钢筋混凝土构件的配筋验算公式,将复杂截面的配筋计算问题转化为复杂截面几何特性的求解,利用格林积分变换公式精确高效地实现了任意截面的特性求解,解决了任意截面钢筋混凝土构件单向以及多向受力状态下配筋验算问题,并编制了相应的任意截面钢筋混凝土构件的配筋验算程序。通过大量对比验算表明,本文的计算方法和程序计算结果精确可靠,计算效率高。     

自动闭塞方向电路微机化研究

根据二线制区间自动闭塞改变方向电路控制原理,对方向电路的微机化方案进行了研究,详细阐述了微机化方向电路的软硬件设计,并给出了程序流程图。微机化方向电路在硬件上和软件上的设计都遵循了故障-安全原则,方向电路实现微机化后,可靠性和安全性得到了显著提高。测试表明,系统完全满足技术指标要求,可在铁路现场试用。     

互通立交变速车道的探讨

变速车道是立交的重要组成部分，结合实际经验对变速车道及其中存在的一些问题进行分析讨论．