Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

A mixed logit model for predicting exit choice during building evacuations

Knowledge on human behaviour in emergency is crucial to increase the safety of buildings and transportation systems. Decision making during evacuations implies different choices, of which one of the most important concerns is the escape route. The choice of a route may involve local decisions on alternative exits from an enclosed environment. This study investigates the effect of environmental (presence of smoke, emergency lighting and distance of exit) and social factors (interaction with evacuees close to the exits and with those near the decision-maker) on local exit choice. This goal is pursued using an online stated preference survey carried out making use of non-immersive virtual reality. A sample of 1503 participants is obtained and a mixed logit model is calibrated using these data. The model shows that the presence of smoke, emergency lighting, distance of exit, number of evacuees near the exits and the decision-maker and flow of evacuees through the exits significantly affect local exit choice. Moreover, the model indicates that decision making is affected by a high degree of behavioural uncertainty. Our findings support the improvement of evacuation models and the accuracy of their results, which can assist in designing and managing building and transportation systems. The main aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of how local exit choices are made and how behavioural uncertainty affects these choices.     

基于BIM的三维铁路路基建模应用研究

为推进铁路工程建设信息化发展,铁路设计行业大力推进BIM技术研究。通过对现阶段铁路站前专业BIM技术应用实例和路基二维辅助设计方法的广泛调研,提出一种基于运用自主研发的三维铁路路基辅助设计软件的建模方法,结合川藏线拉林段路基区间,完成建模流程和设计成果的展示。实践表明,三维设计有助于设计人员更为全面直观了解实际工程结构,新增可视化效果,提高设计精确性,为铁路路基设计行业带来新的设计理念和运用基础。     

关于城市桥梁在8度强震区的抗震设计讨论

为了研究一般跨径城市桥梁在8度地震区的抗震设计方法,文章以具体工程为例,采用规范推荐的参数和公式,拟合出场地在E1和E2作用下水平地震动反应谱;通过有限元建模分析,对规范推荐的延性抗震体系和减隔震体系做了详细的计算和分析,研究结果标明:两种抗震体系均能满足相关规范的设计要求;但是减隔震体系在设计阶段造价更低,震后修复费用也较小,在经济性方面有较大的优势。     

救援列车驻地工艺设计

目前涉及到救援列车驻地工艺设计的参考资料较少,通过对已建成或设计中的救援列车基地进行调查,结合《铁路救援列车管理办法》等规范,对救援列车进行简要介绍,并进行救援列车驻地工艺设计,供系统同行参考并提出优化建议,以期不断完善救援列车及驻地工艺设计,提升铁路救援能力,在事故发生时减少国家经济损失,并能给铁路运输带来安全和效益。     

浅析如何加强铁路设计院科技档案管理

铁路设计院在勘察设计过程中产生的科技档案是铁路工程建设的重要资料和宝贵财富,是下一步施工、监理等建设环节的重要依据。只有不断地加强铁路设计院的纸质文件和电子文件的收集、整理和归档工作,才能保证铁路科技档案完整、准确、系统、安全和有效利用,更好地为铁路建设服务。本文对铁路勘察设计院科学技术档案纸质文件、电子文件归档过程中存在的一些问题以及解决方法进行论述。     

复杂地形地质条件下高等级公路总体设计

随着西部大开发的不断深入，山区高等级公路建设步伐明显加快。由于山区高等级公路地形地质条件复杂，构造物比例高，故勘察设计难度大，施工技术要求高，且需要对重点难点路段或工点采取针对性措施。以城口至万源快速公路通道为例，阐述高等级公路总体设计的重要性。     

长江口新一代车客渡船的设计特点

介绍长江口新一代车客渡船的设计特点，包括：节能效果显著的非对称双尾鳍船型；富有个性的新颖船舶外观造型；以及既经济实用又能体现时代气息的舱室装潢设计。     

嘉绍大桥大吨位提升站设计与施工

嘉绍大桥上部结构施工中,为满足架桥机的拼装及节段箱梁的提升功能需在深水域设置大吨位提升站,该提升站控制起吊净重达300t,起吊跨度达53m。考虑强涌潮水压力的制约、冲刷以及台风的影响,经综合比较,采用固定式提升站方案。提升站立柱采用钢管结构,下部为打入钢管桩,钢管桩通过联结系与主桥基础连接,充分利用主桥基础抵抗部分水平力;提升站主梁采用钢箱梁,单个提升站设置2片主梁,主梁上方布置单侧单轨移动天车。提升站立柱在工厂分段制造,工地上现场拼装;主梁在工厂分3节制造,运输至现场焊成整体。     

Virtual durability test rigs for automotive engineering

In recent years so-called ‘virtual test rigs’ have become more and more important in the development process of cars and trucks. Originally, the idea was to substitute expensive durability tests with computer simulation. Meanwhile, the focus has changed towards a more cooperative usage of numerical and laboratory rig simulation. For many safety critical issues laboratory tests remain indispensable. In early development stages, when no physical prototypes are available yet, numerical simulation is used to analyse and optimise the design. In this paper, we show how to build numerical simulation models of complex servo-hydraulic test systems and their test specimen using multi-body simulation for the mechanics in combination with simulation models for the hydraulics and controls. We illustrate this at two industrial application examples: a spindle-coupled passenger car suspension rig and a tyre-coupled full vehicle rig. We show how the simulation models are used to design and optimise better test rigs and to support the test rig operation by preparing the physical tests with new specimen, i.e. by performing numerical simulations including numerical drive file iteration before the physical tests start.