Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is one of the world's largest marine protected areas and was designated the first mixed conservation site in the United States due to its natural and cultural importance. It is also the world's first cultural seascape, being recognized for its continuing connections to indigenous people. As the westernmost place in the Hawaiian universe, many believe these islands and seas are the pathway that Native Hawaiians travel after death, returning to pō (night; realm of the gods). This intimate kinship has profound implications for contemporary management. Current management emphasizes integration of science, policy, cultural knowledge, traditions, and practices to create successful management strategies appropriate for both natural and cultural resources. This management is based on Native Hawaiian values and practices that incorporate observation and understanding of the natural world, indigenous principles and philosophies, cultural norms, community relationships, and unique epistemologies deeply imbedded in and formed by relationships of people with place. A cornerstone of this effort has been the direct involvement of cultural practitioners in policy, management, education, and research. This biocultural approach has led to more effective management of the monument and serves as a model for conservation around the world.     

航道保护及其范围划定方法探讨

针对航道保护的现状和需求,分析航道保护的内容及影响航道稳定的主要因素,提出核心保护区、敏感区的概念及相应保护措施,探讨航道保护范围划定的基本要求以及需要开展的基础工作等内容。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程航道保护的范围划定为例,对航道保护范围的划定流程提出可操作的建议。     

强震区成兰铁路某隧道小净距段大变形特性分析

针对处于"汶川5.12"强震区龙门山断裂带之前山活动断裂及中央活动断裂之间的在建成兰铁路柿子园隧道4号横洞工区隧道小净距D3K87+500~+350段大变形破坏现象,在现场调绘、岩石试验、地应力测试及监控量测数据等资料分析的基础上,从地质构造、围岩条件、地震作用、地应力场、地下水及工程结构形式和施工影响等方面对隧道小净距段的大变形特性进行分析,并探讨其成因机制。主要结论有:(1)小净距段呈现仰拱左右剪切错动、边墙侵陷、拱顶沉降为特征的纵向张裂变形特性;(2)大变形成因机制可归纳为软弱破碎的围岩条件、复杂活跃的地质构造条件、高应力场条件、地形偏压作用、地下水软化作用等客观地质环境因素及小净距隧道结构形式、施工影响及较弱的支护措施等主观因素的综合影响;(3)小净距结构形式的设置位置应综合考虑地层岩性、地质构造、地应力场及地震震裂作用等客观地质环境因素的影响;(4)研究结论对强震区类似工程地质条件下川藏、滇藏铁路破碎围岩隧道的设计和施工具有借鉴意义。     

辽阳地区地基土的工程地质特点分析

利用取样分析的方法,对辽阳地区地基土的工程地质特点进行了统计分析。分析结果对辽阳地区的工程勘察、设计、施工具有一定的指导意义。     

Discussions on rail in urban areas and rail history

This paper includes discussions on rail in urban areas and railway history. More specifically commonly used terms and definitions for rail services, policy and practice in urban areas are discussed followed by an overview of railway developments around the world.     

Understanding Recreational Boater Attitudes to Zoning in a Proposed Marine Protected Area

Although the success of marine protected areas (MPAs) and associated zoning schemes is largely dependent on stakeholder acceptance and support, there have been relatively few studies examining the response of recreational stakeholders to MPA proposals. This study investigates the response of recreational boaters to a proposed MPA in British Columbia, Canada. Using a structured questionnaire (n = 543) and a focus group (n = 6), the research examines the level of support for the concept of marine zoning and identifies key factors influencing support or opposition. Results indicate that a small majority of recreational boaters support the concept of marine zoning, but that there are areas of concern that ought to be addressed as MPA implementation proceeds. Support for zoning was strongly related to perceived benefits, particularly environmental benefits. Furthermore, perceived benefits overall were found to outweigh concerns as determinants of recreational boater support for zoning. Major dimensions of opposition included perceptions of over-regulation, loss of access for boating, and mistrust of the government. A suggestion is that such concerns may be mitigated through focused communication and meaningful involvement of boaters in the zoning process.     

城乡公交统筹发展策略研究

在阐述我国城乡公交统筹发展必要性的基础上,着重分析了目前城乡客运体系发展差距的症结所在,解析城乡公交统筹发展的内涵,以管理体制、政策法规、站场设施、市场建设4个方面的统筹为切入点,探讨了我国城乡公交统筹发展的具体策略。     

中国智能网联汽车测试示范区发展调查研究

围绕测试场地建设、基础设施、测试能力、服务配套等方面,综合分析国内测试示范区发展现状及水平,归纳其面临的突出和共性问题。在此基础上,提出了加强测试示范区统筹协调、加快标准制定、推进测试结果互认和数据共享、建立交流沟通机制等措施和建议。     

当前农村两型文化建设的三个着力点

农村两型社会建设需要两型文化支撑。两型文化是一种崭新的文化样态、是一种先进的文化形式，两型文化建设是一项复杂系统工程，在我国经济文化比较落后的农村地区建设两型文化必然是一个长期艰巨的过程。因此，在建设过程中，必须加强领导和管理、加强宣传教育、加强法制。     

The impact of road traffic noise on urban protected areas: A landscape modeling approach

We modeled the propagation of traffic noise over the landscape and analyzed its impact on the structure and configuration of protected areas of the Twin Cities Metro Region, Minnesota. Using four noise thresholds, we found that at low and medium noise levels, 19% and 11% of the protected areas are within the road-effect zone. Using mean patch area and patch shape index, we measured the acoustic fragmentation of habitats. We found that at higher levels of noise patch shape index increased, while mean patch size decreased. The acoustic diversity of a patch is also found to be correlated with land cover type, patch area, and patch shape.