快速城市化地区公路网规划方法研究

随着城乡经济快速增长,城市化水平显著提高,城市化与公路交通的耦合问题更加突出。本文以苏南快速城市化地区——张家港市为例,突破传统区域路网规划思路的限制,结合城市路网规划的思想、方法和评价指标体系。提出了新的区域路网规划思路,着重探讨了规划的预测、路网布局、断面、节点处理问题,在路网性能和运行质量等方面取得了积极的效果。     

黄泛区中高液限黏土动、静态回弹模量及预估模型研究

土体回弹模量是路基填料的重要力学指标和路面结构的主要设计参数.针对黄泛区中高液限黏土,开展了3种压实度、3种含水率和3种围压、7种附加应力水平下的动、静三轴试验研究,分别获得了189组工况下的动、静态回弹模量及其相关关系.研究结果表明:土体回弹模量与物理状态和应力水平密切相关,且土体动态回弹模量普遍高于其静态值,动态回...     

南方湿热地区沥青混合料配合比设计方法应用研究

结合南方湿热地区的气候条件和对沥青混合料配合比的设计要求,对我国现行规范中沥青混合料配合比设计方法在南方湿热地区的适应性进行了分析。研究结果表明,普通沥青混合料配合比设计结果与采用旧规范设计方法的设计结果基本一致;改性沥青混合料配合比设计的最佳沥青用量则增加0.3%,其抗高温变形能力、泛油以及抗水损害能力等长期路用性能尚需结合工程实践进一步观测。     

浅谈高原山区铁路施工便道设计原则与建设要点

高原山区铁路施工便道的设计和施工相比平原地区更为复杂,本文根据高原山区铁路施工便道建设经验,结合现场调研情况,总结高原山区铁路施工便道的特点,探讨平纵横断面及选线设计原则,阐述便道施工、维护及生态恢复等建设要点,为类似项目的设计与施工提供参考与借鉴。     

Metropolitan sprawl measurement and its impacts on commuting trips and road emissions

This study measures urban form as indicators of metropolitan sprawl and explores its impact on commuting trips and NO_x and CO₂ emissions from road traffic in all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and four groups’ MSAs separated by population in the continental United States. Encompassing all MSAs, the study adds the accessibility factor to four existing factors: density, land use mix, centeredness, and street connectivity. The study establishes multivariate regression models between urban form, commuting trips, and emissions from road traffic while controlling for socioeconomic conditions. The study shows that urban form index and five urban form factors have a statistically significant association with commuting trips, NO_x and CO₂ emissions from road traffic. In four MSA groups as determined by MSA population size, higher values of urban form factors (i.e., lower sprawl) are statistically associated with more walking commuters. On the other hand, higher values of urban form factors are associated with fewer commuting vehicles per household in large MSAs with the moderate effect, a lower average commuting drive time in medium and small MSAs, and more commuters using public transportation in medium and large MSAs. This study provides an urban form index covering all metropolitan areas in the continental United States by adding another urban form factor, and the findings show that urban form factors have different effects on mode choices, drive time, and emission from road traffic depending on the MSA population size.     

夏热冬冷地区重交通钢桥面铺装技术应用

夏热冬冷地区重交通钢桥面铺装对钢板防护、混合料高温稳定性和低温抗裂性要求较高,同时需兼顾沥青混合料的耐久性和施工和易性。通过对全国典型钢桥面铺装的调研和分析,判断沙尔沁互通立交钢桥面浇注式沥青混凝土铺装设计的合理性,通过关键施工控制措施,使该种铺装结构在沙尔沁互通立交顺利实施。     

The fleet renewal problem with regional emission limitations: Case study from Roll-on/Roll-off shipping

In this paper, the maritime fleet renewal problem (MFRP) is extended to include regional limitations in the form of emission control areas. The motivation for including this aspect is that strengthening of emission regulations in such areas is expected to be challenging for deep sea shipping in the years to come. In the proposed model, various means to cope with these stricter emission regulations are evaluated for new vessels, and the possibility of upgrading existing vessels with new emission reduction technology is introduced. We consider future fuel prices to be important for the problem, and have chosen to treat them as uncertain, and thus, a stochastic programming model is chosen. A fleet renewal problem faced by the liner shipping operator Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics, concerning whether to use low sulphur fuel or have an exhaust gas scrubber system installed to comply with sulphur regulation in emission control areas from 2015, is used as a case study. Furthermore, tests show that the savings from including the aspect of emission control areas in the MFRP are substantial.     

Marine Protected Areas in the Canadian Pacific: Do They Fulfill Network Criteria?

As a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada has committed to establishing a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) that effectively conserves at least 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. Research shows that the most effective MPAs are large, well enforced, no-take, and designed as part of a network. Canada's Pacific MPAs, designated site-by-site, cover approximately 3% of Canadian Pacific waters. We investigated how these MPAs could effectively contribute to Canada's national network by analyzing the implementation of management intent through the application of fisheries closures and conducting a preliminary assessment of their size and spacing relative to scientific guidelines. Fisheries closures outside of MPAs were similarly assessed. Results showed that 90% of existing MPAs were intended to exclude commercial fishing, yet only 2.5% fully or partially met this goal, therefore management intent was not achieved. Further, existing MPAs were small, 75% less than 10 km² in size, but were reasonably spaced, from one to 50 km apart. While a suite of fisheries closures may be better suited to effectively contribute to a network than MPAs without fisheries closures, they would require permanent designations and management plans to meet network inclusion criteria.     

An investment appraisal method to compare LNG-fueled and conventional vessels

Ever stricter emission regulations stimulate vessel owners to consider the adoption of alternative marine fuels, such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). In deciding whether to invest in LNG-fueled vessels, initial investment and operating costs are decisive factors that have not yet been fully studied in the literature. In this paper, we present a new investment appraisal method to compare the costs of LNG-fueled vessels with conventional vessels. We analyze the fuel costs and overall exploitation costs by simulating bunker planning decisions under stochastic fuel prices, presence in emission controlled areas, and route lengths. Our analyses reveal that the fuel costs of LNG-fueled vessels are often lower than those of conventional vessels, even under unfavorable LNG prices. Due to the higher initial investment costs in LNG-fueled vessels, these fuel cost reductions do not always translate into lower overall exploitation costs. By conducting numerical experiments, we identified conditions under which the exploitation costs of LNG-fueled vessels are lower than conventional vessels.     

贵安国家级新区轨道交通线网规划研究与实践

以贵州省贵安新区的轨道交通线网规划为例,分析跨越城市行政界线的国家级新区轨道交通线网规划应注意的两大重点问题,即如何合理确定规划范围以及轨道交通的发展模式。线网规划打破行政区划限制,从区域一体化角度提出以大贵阳都市区轨道交通线网引导贵安新区发展,并通过构建市域快线和市区普线的双层次线网,以加强贵安新区与贵阳市中心城的快速联系,支持贵安新区核心片区发展,支撑贵阳-贵安同城协调化发展目标的实现。