时空有限元方法的高效计算

为提高时空有限元方法求解二维瞬态不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程的计算效率并降低对计算机内存的需求,用行格式存储法存储大型稀疏矩阵,用Newton-Raphson迭代法求解非线性代数方程组,用无填充不完全分解预处理方法以及重启型GMRES方法求解子迭代步的线性方程组.为验证该方法的可行性,对Reynolds数为100的圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟.采用行格式存储法的存储空间仅为等带宽存储法的3.68%.     

Crosswind‐based optimization of multiple runway orientations

The runway orientation must satisfy the operational requirements of aircraft for landing and takeoff. Actually, the runway orientation is the result of compromises between the airport usability (wind coverage) and additional factors, such as available land, existing obstructions, topographic difficulties, flight path interference among runways and airports, noise pollution, and other environmental impacts. Therefore, the solution of a combination of acceptable runway orientations, which avoids excessive crosswinds at least 95% of the time, as well as the optimal orientation solution, is essential to conduct those compromises in the runway orientation analysis. The objective of this paper is to develop a computer model, named the optimization of multiple runway orientations model, which is capable of simultaneously providing a combination of acceptable runway orientations, changing the allowable crosswind limit flexibly, and determining the optimal orientations of multiple runway configurations. Instead of visual estimation or geometric computation, this paper presents an analytical method for wind coverage analysis. The model is mainly running in spreadsheet and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The numerical example and comparison show that the optimization of multiple runway orientations model is competitively accurate and convenient in comparison with previous ones. This paper presents an up‐to‐date model for the optimization of multiple runway orientations. By combining it with the geographic information system obstructions model, it can become an essential element of a future model for airport development cost minimization that combines airfield land use, earthwork volume, and cost estimation modules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机场道面混凝土冻融破坏评价指标

为了研究中国北方寒冷地区机场道面混凝土冻融破坏的评价指标,制作了3种不同抗冻性能的混凝土试件,采用快速冻融试验机对混凝土试件进行了冻融破坏试验,并用动弹仪DT-10W测试了试件的动弹性模量,分析了不同冻融循环次数作用下试件相对动弹性模量、压折强度、质量损失及表面剥落的变化规律,给出了机场道面混凝土冻融破坏的临界值。试验结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件的压折强度均有不同程度的下降,其中抗折强度的损失较大,且试件表面剥落面积及深度增大,质量损失对试件表面平整度的影响严重。根据试件在冻融过程中相对动弹性模量与抗折强度损失、表面剥落与质量损失的规律,建议以300次快速冻融循环后混凝土试件相对动弹性模量不小于75%(抗折强度损失率不大于46%)和质量损失率小于1.0%(中等剥落)作为机场道面混凝土冻融破坏的评价指标。     

不同的杨氏模量对含裂纹复合材料板裂纹周围应力的影响研究

不同的杨氏模量对于应力场有着相当的影响.针对含裂纹的复合材料板,根据非均质各向异性弹性理论和复变函数理论解决了裂纹的边界条件问题.建立了基于准确边界条件的边界积分方程,得到了舍裂纹复合材料板裂纹周围应力场的精确解析解.并按照所建立的计算模型对不同的杨氏模量对裂纹周围应力场的影响进行了探讨.     

全地形履带式卫生急救车水上行驶特性数值模拟研究

运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对全地形履带式卫生急救车的水上行驶稳定性进行了数值模拟,对车辆在水上的行驶性能进行了试验,将试验结果与数值仿真结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:前车和后车的前后部流体流动发生分离现象,在前车和后车之间区域以及后车后部形成涡旋运动,涡旋运动会形成低压区;前车和后车周围存在不同的压力分布,形成压差阻力;在前车和后车的前部均产生兴波现象。     

机场跑道容量评估模型和估计方法的进一步研究

从管制员的角度出发，给出了跑道容量的定义，分析了影响跑道容量的因素，建立了到达和离场容量估计模型，给出了多种情况下跑道容量的计算方法，针对首都国际机场跑道的实际，开发了机场跑道容量评估系统，仿真结果验证了所提模型和方法的可行性。     

遗传算法在终端区飞机排序中的应用

研究了遗传算法在终端区跑道分配以及飞机排序中的应用，建立了多条跑道多架飞机排序的数学模型，并进行了算例仿真分析。仿真结果表明，遗传算法与先到先服务排序相比较，适应度增加了80％，延时减小了40％，说明遗传算法的排序结果优于先到先服务的排序结果。     

平板上直立圆柱三维绕流的CFD计算研究

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对粘性不可压缩流体流过平板上直立圆柱的绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用了有限体积法和SIMPLE计算程式,利用不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程,模拟了雷诺数在200的层流绕流流动。在建立贴体的结构化精细网格之后,成功模拟了马蹄涡,与经典的理论对比具有较好的吻合性。同时得到了交接部区域的剪切力云图。计算结果表明,主/附体结构交接部区域流动机理十分复杂,在这个区域有马蹄涡的存在,是产生交接部冲蚀的根本原因。计算结果表明本文所用方法在模拟含有复杂流动机理的圆柱绕流中是可靠性的。     

两岸“三通”后闽台港口合作发展展望

运用SWOT分析方法,指出闽台两地港口共建的优势和劣势,机遇和面临的强大挑战.提出了两地当务之急是要建立港口战略合作沟通机制,深度整合双方港口资源,研究突破双方开展港口合作的制度障碍,加大两地临港工业和港口物流建设的力度,不断加强双方的港口货物集疏运系统建设,增加对腹地货源的吸引力.     

Deconstructing delay: A non-parametric approach to analyzing delay changes in single server queuing systems

This paper introduces an empirically driven, non-parametric method to isolate and estimate the effects that changes in demand and changes in throughput have on delay – in particular, arrival and departure flight delay at airport runways. Classic queuing concepts were used to develop a method by which an intermediate, or counterfactual, queuing scenario could be constructed, to isolate the delay effects due to shifts in demand and throughput. This method includes the development of a stochastic throughput function that is based entirely on data and has three key features. Firstly, the function relies on non-parametric, empirically-based probability distributions of throughput counts. Secondly, facility capacity needs not be explicitly defined, as it is implicitly included in the probability distributions of throughput. Thirdly, the throughput performance function preserves the effect of factors that cause capacity (and, therefore, throughput) to fluctuate over a given period. Temporal sequences of high, moderate, and low capacity are maintained between the observed and counterfactual scenarios. The method was applied to a case study of the three major New York area airports of LaGuardia (LGA), Newark Liberty (EWR), and John F. Kennedy (JFK), using operational data extracted from the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) database. The focus was on the peak summer travel seasons of 2006 and 2007, as these airports experienced record levels of delay in 2007. The results indicate that decreases in both demand and throughput were experienced at LGA and EWR, although the decreases in throughput had more significant effects on operational delays as they increased overall at these airports. At JFK, the increase in departure throughput was not sufficient to offset the increase in departure demands. For arrivals, demand increased and throughput decreased. These trends caused a significant growth in delay at JFK between 2006 and 2007.