面向实际交通状态的混合动力汽车能耗和CO2排放模型

由于混合动力汽车与传统燃油车的能耗排放因子具有差异性，导致机动车交通路网能耗排放的量化评估存在不确定性。本文建立混合动力汽车在实际交通状态中的能耗和CO2排放因子测算模型，基于车辆比功率VSP(Vehicle Specific Power)作为车辆行驶状态与能耗排放之间耦合关系的表征参数。通过引入内燃机转速区分内燃机开启和关闭工作状态，并计算内燃机开启状态下VSP对应的平均能耗率，同时，建立能够解析混合动力汽车能耗排放产生机理的VSP分布。通过收集典型行驶工况下车辆测试油耗数据和北京市车辆实际行驶轨迹数据，验证了模型的准确性，并应用模型测算混合动力汽车不同速度区间下的油耗和CO2排放因子。研究结果表明：在城市行驶工况(UDDS)和高速行驶工况(HWY)中，模型测算能耗排放因子与真实值的平均相对误差分别为3.7%和-1.7%，与不考虑内燃机开启状态相比，测算误差减少5.6%和4.3%；在实际交通状态下，采用传统燃油车的测算方法会导致混合动力汽车行驶平均速度为高速区间时油耗和CO2排放量被低估，当行驶平均速度为低速区间时油耗和CO2排放量会被高估。     

列车牵引制动指令冲突故障分析及改进措施

北京地铁16号线列车运行过程中发生牵引制动指令冲突故障,通过对车辆牵引制动指令的输出和读入原理的梳理,分析总结了导致牵引制动指令冲突故障发生的原因,改进了电路设计,排除了故障,消除了车辆由此设计带来的安全隐患。     

某地铁列车无人自动折返卡顿故障分析及解决方案

针对某城市地铁车辆在试运行期间频繁发生的列车无人自动折返时的卡顿故障进行了分析研究。简要介绍了列车无人自动折返功能,并从列车网络系统、牵引系统和车辆电路3个角度深入分析故障原因,提出了解决方案。按此方案整改后故障得以完全消除。     

某纯电动汽车直流充电异常分析及解决方案

随着纯电动汽车的普及,电动汽车充电系统运行的可靠性及稳定性关乎整车的安全性,车辆在充电过程中出现充电异常的情况,应受到足够的重视。本文通过某纯电动汽车在点火锁处于关闭状态下直流充电异常的案例,结合整车控制通信架构讲述该纯电动汽车快充系统无法充电的异常原因分析及排除过程,为电动汽车从业者提供一些整车通信网络架构设计思路和充电异常的分析思路。     

激光焊接技术在轨道交通车辆中的应用

为解决轨道交通车辆不锈钢车体电阻点焊的外观质量差、密封性差、效率低等缺点,对部分熔透激光焊接工艺在不锈钢车体焊接中的应用开展了研究。研究包括:部分熔透激光叠焊原理、参数优化试验、显微组织分析、疲劳性能分析,以及激光焊接不锈钢车辆侧墙的结构改进。研究结果表明,不锈钢车体焊接中采用部分熔透激光叠焊工艺,可以获得高质量的表面状态及疲劳强度,车体结构强度高于EN12663标准中的要求。     

快速路与邻接交叉口分散换道和速度引导方法

研究车路协同城市快速路与邻接交叉口主线分散换道和速度引导自适应控制方法. 对高饱和度入口匝道与邻接交叉口，提出主线分散换道自适应控制方法，依据合流区上游不同车道密度制定换道规则，以主线流量最大化为目标确定邻接交叉口相位相序；对出口匝道存在超长排队，提出主线速度引导自适应控制方法，依据主线上游车辆目的地确定速度引导策略，以出口匝道需求与通行能力相匹配为目标确定出口匝道关联相位优先权. 采用元胞自动机模型仿真验证，结果表明，所提方法与非协调控制、传统协调控制、车路协同交叉口自适应控制相比，区域流量分别提高17.38%、5.52%、10.06%，总时间消耗分别下降35.86%、 26.21%、17.39%.     

动车组单车调试工艺及发展趋势

对动车组传统单车调试工艺进行了总结对比,阐述了以智能调试系统、数字化平台为基础的自动化调试原理。重点介绍了智能单车调试设备、智能端部模拟器和移动控制终端,分析了单车智能调试技术的发展趋势。     

Dynamic activity-travel assignment in multi-state supernetworks

The integration of activity-based modeling and dynamic traffic assignment for travel demand analysis has recently attracted ever-increasing attention. However, related studies have limitations either on the integration structure or the number of choice facets being captured. This paper proposes a formulation of dynamic activity-travel assignment (DATA) in the framework of multi-state supernetworks, in which any path through a personalized supernetwork represents a particular activity-travel pattern (ATP) at a high level of spatial and temporal detail. DATA is formulated as a discrete-time dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem, which is reformulated as an equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem. A generalized dynamic link disutility function is established with the accommodation of different characteristics of the links in the supernetworks. Flow constraints and non-uniqueness of equilibria are also investigated. In the proposed formulation, the choices of departure time, route, mode, activity sequence, activity and parking location are all unified into one time-dependent ATP choice. As a result, the interdependences among all these choice facets can be readily captured. A solution algorithm based on the route-swapping mechanism is adopted to find the user equilibrium. A numerical example with simulated scenarios is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.     

基于混合约束自编码器的机动车工况智能构建方法

为构建更具代表性的机动车行驶工况，实测采集福州地区1辆机动车共20d的真实驾驶数 据，选取14个特征参数表征运动学片段信息，运用主成分分析和K-means聚类划分运动学片段聚类，根据聚类中心的距离筛选备选片段并随机组合构建工况集合。提取11个特征参数计算构建工况的误差，选择集合中误差最小的工况作为构建工况，提出利用混合约束自编码器构建工况优化模型，并研究参数标定方法，最终将平均误差由2.97%缩小到2.39%。混合约束自编码器模型的分析验证结果表明，优化策略符合实际情况，可以有效避免随机选择带来的误差不确定性，验证了所提出行驶工况构建流程的合理性，并提升了工况预测的精确度，得到模型参数推荐值。对实现碳达峰目标下的机动车碳排放预测及排放控制具有重要的现实作用和意义。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.