可编程控制器(PLC)在自动并联柴油发电机组中的应用

介绍柴油发电机组控制系统采用可编程控制器可实现的功能,及其软、硬件设计思路。     

Development of a new time domain-based algorithm for train detection and axle counting

This paper presents an innovative train detection algorithm, able to perform the train localisation and, at the same time, to estimate its speed, the crossing times on a fixed point of the track and the axle number. The proposed solution uses the same approach to evaluate all these quantities, starting from the knowledge of generic track inputs directly measured on the track (for example, the vertical forces on the sleepers, the rail deformation and the rail stress). More particularly, all the inputs are processed through cross-correlation operations to extract the required information in terms of speed, crossing time instants and axle counter. This approach has the advantage to be simple and less invasive than the standard ones (it requires less equipment) and represents a more reliable and robust solution against numerical noise because it exploits the whole shape of the input signal and not only the peak values. A suitable and accurate multibody model of railway vehicle and flexible track has also been developed by the authors to test the algorithm when experimental data are not available and in general, under any operating conditions (fundamental to verify the algorithm accuracy and robustness). The railway vehicle chosen as benchmark is the Manchester Wagon, modelled in the Adams VI-Rail environment. The physical model of the flexible track has been implemented in the Matlab and Comsol Multiphysics environments. A simulation campaign has been performed to verify the performance and the robustness of the proposed algorithm, and the results are quite promising. The research has been carried out in cooperation with Ansaldo STS and ECM Spa.     

高职汽修专业理实一体化教学体系的构建与实践

随着我国社会的不断发展,企业信息化水平不断提高,社会对专业型人才的需求量越来越大.对于高职院校来说,传统的人才培养模式已经不能满足新时代对人才的需求.为了推动我国高职院校汽修专业人才的培养,推动高职院校的教学成效,提升高职院校人才培养质量,促进高职汽修专业学生的就业率,我国高职院校汽修专业开展了理实一体化教学体系,为了...     

Expert versus lay perception of the risks of motor vehicle-generated air pollution

We explore whether experts’ perceptions of risk differ systematically from those of the public. To do so, we examine whether experts and non-experts make different location decisions in response to ground-level ozone pollution, one of the byproducts of motorized transportation. Physicians are experts in the field of health, and thus may differ from their lay neighbors in their knowledge of and attitude toward pollution and its health risks. If so, it is possible that they value locations with cleaner air differently than their neighbors do. Here we use hedonic price models based on willingness to bear housing and commute burdens to examine the differential valuation of clean air by doctors and laypeople in the Los Angeles region between 1980 and 2000. We find no evidence that doctors are more or less more willing than comparable lay residents to trade off time or money to live in cleaner-air neighborhoods.     

增程式混合动力汽车的分段式能量管理策略研究

分析了增程式混合动力汽车的开关式能量管理策略,提出了一种兼顾提高发动机效率和减少充放电损失的分段式能量管理策略。为进一步降低油耗,在分段式策略基础上引入自学习算法,自动在线调整分段式控制阈值。建立混合动力汽车仿真模型,对开关式能量管理策略和分段式能量管理策略进行了仿真比较,同时对具有自学习功能的分段式能量管理策略进行了仿真分析。某车型的仿真研究案例表明,与开关式策略相比,分段式能量管理策略能使油耗降低3.2%,自学习策略则在充电周期内路线较为固定的情况下可以自动调节到最优的控制阈值。     

基于自抗扰控制的地铁列车驾驶控制算法

基于PID算法或基于模糊PID算法的地铁列车ATO驾驶控制算法的速度响应误差大,加减速切换频繁,从而导致旅客舒适度一般,列车停车精度不高,列车能耗略高和运行时间存在一定误差的问题。搭建地铁列车模型,结合北京地铁亦庄线线路数据,通过仿真实验对比基于PID算法,基于模糊PID算法,基于专家系统,基于ADRC算法的地铁列车ATO驾驶控制算法的控制效果,并在实验中运用改进的粒子群算法对ADRC算法的参数进行快速整定。仿真结果表明:基于ADRC算法的地铁列车ATO驾驶控制算法的控制效果优于基于PID算法和基于模糊PID算法的地铁列车ATO驾驶控制算法,其控制效果和经验丰富的司机驾驶基本相当,可以有效提高旅客舒适度、列车停车精度,减小列车能耗、运行时间误差。     

船舶机舱淡水温度自动控制系统限位设计

机舱淡水温度自动控制系统对机舱设备的运行状态具有重要影响。其主要功能是根据机舱设备运行负荷的变化,自动调节经过中央冷却器冷却的淡水量,以保证淡水温度保持在设定值。在机舱设备中,该系统运行状态的好坏不仅直接影响船舶柴油机的技术性能和工作稳定性,而且还决定了机舱其他需要淡水冷却设备的工作状况,因此船舶机舱管理人员对淡水温度自动控制系统的研究非常重要。本文介绍了船舶机舱普遍采用的淡水温度自动控制系统技术,详尽分析了该控制系统的作用原理,系统存在的故障隐患以及该系统对机舱设备性能的影响。并针对系统故障隐患,提出了淡水温度自动控制系统的改进设计方案,保证系统故障时仍能保证淡水温度符合使用要求,从而提高船舶动力系统的安全性和稳定性。     

水下锚机设计关键技术

文章介绍某型半潜船水下锚机的使用工况及环境要求,分析总体结构设计、隔舱密封设计、锚进近保护设计和防海水腐蚀设计等关键技术.通过对控制系统和液压系统设计方案进行对比分析,得出解决水下锚机工作的最优方案,为实现锚机的智能化及无人化操作奠定技术基础.     

相关分析在结构阻尼比时域衰减法测量中的应用

如何准确地测量结构阻尼比,特别是在高频段模态密集区的结构阻尼比一直是一个悬而未决的问题,传统的频域半功率带宽法和时域衰减法由于各自的局限性而无法得到理想的结果。文中将相关分析应用于时域衰减法测量结构阻尼比的数据处理中,通过仿真计算,成功地将激励频率下的结构振动响应从混合有噪声和其它干扰频率成份的测量信号中提取出来,并准确地计算出激励频率下的结构阻尼比。该方法可应用于结构阻尼比的时域衰减法测量中。     

汽车空调系统的组成与原理

阐述汽车空调的定义与功能,详细介绍汽车空调采暖系统、制冷系统、送风系统、空气净化系统和电气控制系统的组成和工作原理。